FIGURE 6.

Preadaptation to sub‐lethal acidic pH enhances the motility and cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (a) The transcriptional levels of polar flagellar genes based on the RNA‐seq (b) The swimming analysis of V. parahaemolyticus. The WT strain was adapted to the sub‐lethal acidic pH (5.5, HCl, or citric acid) for 1 hr. After normalization to OD₆₀₀ of 1.0, the bacteria were spotted onto LB plates with 0.3% agar and cultured at 37°C. (c) The diameter of the swimming capacity of the WT strain under various culture conditions. *, p < .05, t test. (d) The cytotoxicity of WT strain adapted to the sub‐lethal acidic pH (5.5, HCl, or citric acid). **, p < .01, t test [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]