Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV‐1‐positive males and healthy controls
| Itema | Healthy male controls, n = 21 | HIV‐1‐infected men, n = 34 | Luminal stenosis | A versus B p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50%, n = 11 (A) | <50%, n = 23 (B) | ||||
| Age (years) | 55 (42.5–60.5) | 47.5 (40.2–51.5) | 48 (42–54.2) | 45 (40–48) | .082 |
| HIV‐1 RNA (copies/ml)b | NAc | <37 | <37 | <37 | 1.000 |
| CD4 + T at enrolment (cells/mm3) | NA | 448 (346–532.2) | 490 (326.5–655) | 446 (376–487.5) | .236 |
| CD4 + T nadir (cells/mm3) | NA | 185.5 (108.2–292.5) | 140 (53–229.2) | 247 (155–391) | .023 |
| Years from HIV‐1 diagnosis | NA | 9.5 (5–10) | 10 (5–10.2) | 7(3–10) | .245 |
| Years on cART | NA | 7.5 (5–10) | 8 (5–10) | 6 (0–10) | .283 |
| Anti‐HIV‐1 drug class, n (%) | |||||
| NNRTI | NA | 15 (44.1) | 3 (27.2) | 12 (52.1) | .177 |
| PI | NA | 22 (64.7) | 10 (90.9) | 12 (52.1) | .033 |
| ABC | NA | 15 (44.1) | 8 (72.7) | 7 (30.4) | .022 |
| Opportunistic infections, n (%) | NA | 14 (41.1) | 5 (45.5) | 9 (39) | .021 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 3 (15) | 2 (13) | 2 (13) | 3 (15) | .340 |
| Previous CVD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Framingham risk score (%)d | NA | 3 (1–6) | 4 (1–9) | 3 (1–3) | .019 |
| ASCVD risk score (%)d | NA | 4 (2.8–5.9) | 5.2 (3.8–8) | 3 (2.8–3.9) | .011 |
| D:A:D risk score (%)d | NA | 12.2 (7.4–20.9) | 18 (8.9–26.7) | 8 (4–12) | .004 |
| Calcium volume score (cm3) | NA | 35.4 (10–146.95) | 35.4 (10–74.3) | 6.4 (0–13.6) | <.001 |
| Calcium score Agatston (HU) | NA | 49.2 (11–245.3) | 49.2 (11–102.3) | 7.0 (0–15) | <.001 |
| ECV (%) | NA | 30.5 (28.4–34.2) | 32.3 (28.4–36.2) | 29.4 (28.4–31.5) | .518 |
Abbreviations: ABC, abacavir; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ECV, extracellular volume; HIV‐1, human immunodeficiency virus‐1; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
Data are expressed as median (IQR) or percentages. No statistically significant differences were recorded in demographic characteristics and family history of CVD between HIV‐1‐infected patients and heathy controls, p > .05 using Student's t and χ 2 tests.
HIV‐1 viral load was determined by versant HIV‐1 RNA kPCR assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic), which has a detection limit of 37 copies/ml.
NA, not applicable.
Framingham 10 years risk score, ASCVD 10 years risk score and D:A:D 10 years risk score are expressed as median (IQR) of percentage values.