. 2021 Jul 29;8:689084. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689084

Table 7.

Summary of the comparative analysis of the intervention studies included in this review.

Food		N studies	Subjects				Study design			Intervention	Food intake evaluation	Probiotic amount	Cohort dimension		Sequencing strategy		Colonization				Recurrent gut microbial groups mainly affected	Bacteria able to colonize
			Healthy	Diseased	Children	Elderly	Randomized	Before/after	Cross-over	Duration		CFU/day	Large studies N > 40	Pilot studies N < 40	NGS	Other	Species-level	Strain-level	Viability	Persistence
Probiotics	Traditional	11	6	5	0	0	6	3	2	5 days-24 weeks	5	nd	5	6	7	4	2	1	1	1	Increased Lactobacillus (n = 2)	B. mongoliense BMONG18, P. acidilactici, Staphylococcus, Lc. lactis, Leuc. mesenteroides
	LcS	13	5	2	3	3	7	5	1	2–24 weeks	2	6.5 × 10⁹-1 × 10¹¹	6	7	4	9	0	8	3	6	Increased Lactobacillus (n= 4) and Bifidobacteria (n = 5). Decreased Enterobacteriaceae (n = 4)	LcS
	Other Lactobacilli	9	7	1	1	0	3	4	2	1–10 weeks	0	1 × 10⁸-1 × 10¹¹	1	8	3	6	5	4	3	7	Increased Lactobacillus or LAB (n = 6). Bifidobacterium divergent results (n = 3)	L^a. paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518; L ^a. paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-3689; L ^a. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690; L. johnsonii 456; L. johnsonii La1; LGG; L ^a. casei DN-114 001; L ^a. paracasei A
Bifidobacterium	12	6	5	0	1	6	4	2	1–8 weeks	2	1 × 10⁸-1 × 10¹⁰	3	9	6	6	4	1	1	4	Increased Bifidobacterium (n = 7)	B. animalis subsp. lactis; B. animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494; B. animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010 (CNCM I-2494)
	Synbiotics	5	4	1	0	0	4	1	0	3–12 weeks	1	2 × 10⁷-1 × 10¹¹	1	4	2	3	0	2	1	2	Divergent results	L. acidophilus La-5; B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; LGG
Total		50	28	14	4	4	26	17	7		10		16	34	22	28	11	16	9	20

Recently renamed Lacticaseibacillus.