FIGURE 3.

Region‐ or treatment‐dependent expression in CD68 and CD206 at 7 days post‐traumatic brain injury (TBI). (a) Representative fluorescence images of CD68 (magenta), CD206 (green), and DAPI (blue) in ROI₁ and ROI₂. The detailed description of ROIs is included in the same Figure b. (b) Within the perilesional region, the analyzing window was divided in two: ROI₁ and ROI₂, positioned within 0–1 and 1–2 mm from the cortex, respectively. T, S, and E on the x‐axis (c–f) or next to symbol (g) represent untreated TBI, sham and ES groups and a lower subscript 1 and 2 represent ROI₁ and ROI₂. (c) The number of CD68⁺ cells was not region‐ or treatment dependent. (d) The number of CD206⁺ cells. Within the ROI₁, ES treatment increased the number of CD206⁺ cells compared to untreated TBI, but not significant with sham. Instead, within the ROI₂, CD206⁺ cells significantly increased by the ES treatment compared to TBI and sham groups. (e) The number of CD68⁺CD206⁺ cells showed a similar trend with CD206⁺ as shown in Figure d. (f) The number of CD68⁻CD206⁺ cells apparently increased by ES treatment compared to untreated TBI and sham groups in both ROI₁ and ROI₂. (g) The proportion of the CD68⁺CD206⁺ cells relative to the CD68⁺ cells. Treatment did not affect the proportion of CD68⁺CD206⁺ cells to CD68⁺ cells in ROI₁, but ES treatment effectively increased those values in ROI₂. Data are represented as mean ± SD. N = 4, 3, 6 animals with two tissue slices analyzed for untreated TBI, sham, ES. 3–5 images were taken from each ROI; Two‐way ANOVA tests with Tukey's post hoc analysis was performed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 across treatment groups, # < 0.05 across regions