TABLE 2.
Case reports of “psychotic form of narcolepsy” vs. comorbid narcolepsy and psychotic disorder: Differences in clinical features
| All cases (n = 58) | “Psychotic form” (n = 17) | Comorbid cases (n = 41) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical feature (mean) | a | a | a | t | df | p |
| Age at onset of sleep symptoms | 19.0 | 25.3 | 16.6 | 2.40 | 46 | 0.02 |
| Age at onset of psychotic‐like symptoms | 23.5 | 23.8 | 23.4 | 0.09 | 46 | 0.93 |
| Sleep symptoms, N (%) | n = 52 | n = 15 | n = 37 | χ 2 | df | p |
| Cataplexy | 48 (92.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | 35 (94.6%) | 0.95 | 1 | 0.33 |
| Sleep‐related hallucinations | 40 (76.9%) | 13 (86.7%) | 27 (73.0%) | 1.13 | 1 | 0.29 |
| Sleep paralysis | 33 (63.5%) | 8 (53.3%) | 25 (67.6%) | 0.93 | 1 | 0.33 |
| Psychotic‐like symptoms, N (%) | n = 58 | n = 17 | n = 41 | χ 2 | df | p |
| Hallucinations | 51 (87.9%) | 17 (100%) | 34 (82.9%) | 1.27 | 1 | 0.26 |
| Auditory | 50 (86.2%) | 16 (94.1%) | 34 (82.9%) | 1.27 | 1 | 0.26 |
| Visual | 23 (39.7%) | 15 (88.2%) | 8 (19.5%) | 23.72 | 1 | 0.00 |
| Multimodal | 22 (37.9%) | 14 (82.4%) | 8 (19.5%) | 20.16 | 1 | 0.00 |
| Zoopsia | 2 (3.45%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5.00 | 1 | 0.03 |
| Delusional thoughts | 56 (96.6%) | 17 (100%) | 39 (95.1%) | 0.86 | 1 | 0.35 |
| Persecution | 38 (65.5%) | 11 (64.7%) | 27 (65.9%) | 0.01 | 1 | 0.93 |
| Poisoning | 1 (1.72%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2.45 | 1 | 0.12 |
| Sexual | 10 (17.2%) | 7 (41.2%) | 3 (7.32%) | 9.66 | 1 | 0.00 |
| Megalomaniac | 3 (5.17%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (7.32%) | 1.31 | 1 | 0.25 |
| Mystic | 9 (15.5%) | 6 (35.3%) | 3 (7.32%) | 7.18 | 1 | 0.01 |
| Jealousy | 4 (6.90%) | 1 (5.88%) | 3 (7.32%) | 0.04 | 1 | 0.84 |
| Hypochondriac | 2 (3.45%) | 1 (5.88%) | 1 (2.44%) | 0.43 | 1 | 0.51 |
| Fantasy | 1 (1.72%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2.45 | 1 | 0.12 |
| Influence | 5 (8.62%) | 2 (11.8%) | 3 (7.32%) | 0.30 | 1 | 0.58 |
| Reference | 6 (10.3%) | 3 (17.6%) | 3 (7.32%) | 1.38 | 1 | 0.24 |
| Fake memory | 5 (8.62%) | 4 (23.5%) | 1 (2.44%) | 6.79 | 1 | 0.01 |
| Disorganized symptoms | 30 (51.7%) | 3 (17.6%) | 27 (65.9%) | 11.18 | 1 | 0.00 |
| Derealization | 1 (1.72%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2.45 | 1 | 0.12 |
| n = 58 | n = 17 | n = 41 | χ 2 | df | p | |
| Possible drug‐induced psychosis? | 20 (34.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | 16 (39.0%) | 1.95 | 1 | 0.16 |
We classified 58 cases (reported in 27 papers, Table S2) according to the authors’ diagnostic conclusion (psychotic form of narcolepsy vs. comorbid narcolepsy and psychotic disorder). For each case, we recorded age at onset for sleep and psychotic‐like symptoms and presence/absence of the clinical features listed in the table. A feature was considered “present” if it was explicitly mentioned or very clearly suggested by the clinical description, otherwise, it was considered “absent,” that is, we attempted not to infer the presence of symptoms beyond the data in the report. P‐values less than 0.05 are bolded.
For age at onset variables (sleep problems or psychotic‐like symptoms), 10 cases were excluded from analysis because no numerical information was provided about ages. In 4 of the 48 remaining cases, onset was described as occurring “before the age of X” and we entered X into the analysis. Thus, N for these analyses was 48 and the t‐tests had 46 df).