Table 4.

Associations, Measured by Odds Ratios, and 95% CIs, Between Individual Persistent Symptoms and Physical and Emotional Health Indicators; Limited to Symptoms That Were Reported by at Least 5 Participants

Persistent Symptoms	Physical Health Worse Than Before Acute COVID-19	Physical Health Affects Daily Activities	Emotional Health Affects Daily Activities
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Fatigue	10.48 (5.47–20.07)	10.35 (5.36–19.98)	2.56 (1.41–4.64)
Dyspnea on exertion	8.34 (4.06–17.15)	13.68 (5.98–31.28)	2.16 (1.09–4.25)
Mental fog	9.83 (4.63–20.85)	12.41 (5.41–28.48)	3.06 (1.53–6.10)
Difficulty sleeping	7.42 (3.36–16.35)	7.17 (3.16–16.27)	3.21 (1.52–6.79)
Loss of smell	4.32 (2.05–9.12)	4.69 (2.19–10.05)	1.46 (0.68–3.12)
Headache	3.99 (1.84–8.66)	12.24 (4.81–31.17)	3.46 (1.62–7.40)
Dry cough	2.34 (1.02–5.36)	2.01 (0.89–4.54)	1.09 (0.45–2.62)
Feeling depressed	10.35 (4.14–25.9)	7.26 (2.93–18.02)	5.53 (2.35–12.99)
Muscle aches	10.47 (3.95–27.81)	6.32 (2.52–15.87)	2.68 (1.15–6.23)
Joint pains	17.1 (5.56–52.59)	12.06 (3.95–36.85)	1.77 (0.73–4.31)
Weakness	10.76 (3.75–30.84)	11.24 (3.66–34.51)	1.55 (0.62–3.89)
Heart palpitations	4.46 (1.79–11.08)	16.17 (4.62–56.53)	2.38 (0.97–5.84)
Anxiety/ nervousness	3.60 (1.40–9.25)	7.07 (2.46–20.32)	4.71 (1.78. 12.43)
Chest tightness/pain	7.48 (2.73–20.51)	5.38 (1.97–14.65)	1.85 (0.72–4.79)
Loss/change in taste	4.67 (1.71–12.78)	2.95 (1.12–7.76)	1.60 (0.60–4.28)
Sinus congestion	2.79 (1.03–7.53)	5.91 (2.01–17.32)	1.77 (0.65–4.82)
Irritability	3.15 (1.14–8.74)	7.42 (2.32–23.72)	6.02 (2.02–17.9)
Back pain	4.85 (1.66–14.15)	9.95 (2.73–36.22)	5.40 (1.78–16.32)
Dizziness	6.43 (1.88–22.05)	7.19 (1.90–27.22)	3.63 (1.12–11.78)
Rhinorrhea	3.73 (1.10–12.60)	6.31 (1.63–24.37)	2.09 (0.62–7.06)
Ear fullness	4.68 (1.28–17.08)	9.51 (1.98–45.76)	3.86 (1.06–14.04)
Heartburn	3.06 (0.86–10.89)	5.45 (1.38–21.61)	2.53 (0.71–8.97)
Shortness of breath at rest	11.19 (2.27–55.18)	4.62 (1.13–18.91)	1.23 (0.30–5.02)

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; OR, odds ratio.