Table 1.
The targets and regulatory effect of noncoding RNAs on DCs in autoimmune and immune tolerance-related diseases.
| Disease | Non-coding RNAs | Type of regulation | DCs (subsets or sources) | Predicted/identified targets | Function | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLE | miR574 | ↑ | pDC | TLR7 | Promote pDC maturation and secretion of IFN-α, TNF- and IL-6 | (22) |
| miR LET7b miR21 | ||||||
| miR-361-5p, | ↓ | pDC | TLR7 | Increase IFN-α secretion | (23) | |
| miR-128-3p miR-181a-2-3p | ||||||
| miR-155 | ↑ | pDC | TLR7 | MHC class II, CD40, CD86 expressions and IFN-α secretion increased | (24) | |
| miR-29b | ↓ | pDC | TLR9 Mcl-1, Bcl-2 | Promote pDCs apoptosis | (25) | |
| miR-29c | ||||||
| miRNA-150 | ↓ | cDC | TREM-1 | inflammation decreased in SLE | (26) | |
| miR-142-3p | ↑ | cDC | ND | Increase secretion of related cytokines, inhibit Treg, and promote proliferation of CD4+T | (27) | |
| RA | miR-34a | ↑ | DCs (CD1c+) | AXL | Promote DCs activation of T cells | (28) |
| miR-363 | ↓ | cDC (CD11C+av+) | ND | Increase Th17 cells differentiation | (29) | |
| pSS | miR-29a | ↓ | pDC | ND | Increase pDCs survival | (30) |
| mir-29c | ||||||
| miR-708 | ↓ | cDC (CD1c+) | TLR3, TLR7/8 | Increase the secretion of IL-12 and TNF-α | (31) | |
| miR-130a | MSK1 | |||||
| IBD | miR-10a | ↓ | cDC (CD11c+) | IL-12/IL-23p40 | Low inflammatory environment in the intestines | (32) |
| MS | miR-233 | ↓ | cDC (CD11b+CD11c+) | ND | Inhibit activation of Th17 by decreasing levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-23 | (33) |
| SSc | miR-31 | ↑ | cDC (CD11c+) | ND | Reduce the number of DC migrations to CNS | (34) |
| miR-618 | ↑ | pDC | IRF8 | Reduce the development of pDCs in SSc | (35) | |
| Autoimmune myocarditis | miR-223-3p | ↑ | Tol-DC | NLRP3 | Inhibition of DCs maturation | (36) |
| GVHD | miR-155 | ↑ | DCs (BMDC) | ND | Decrease the migration and inflammatory activation of DC | (37) |
| miR-146a | ↓ | DCs (BMDC, MoDC) | JAK-STAT | Upgrade histopathological GVHD scores | (38) | |
| miR-29a | ↑ | DCs (BMDC, MoDC) | TLR7 (mouse) | promote DC maturation, migration and activation of T cell proliferation | (39) | |
| TLR8 (human) | ||||||
| SLE | lnc-DC (ENST00000604411.1, ENST00000501122.2) | ↑ | DCs(MoDC) | ND | Positive correlation with SLEDAI Score | (40) |
| Autoimmune myocarditis | lncRNA NEAT1 | ↓ | cDCs (CD80+, CD86+, MHC II+) | Sponge miR-3076-3p NLRP3 | Increase DC induced Tregs and inhibited T cells proliferation | (41) |
| lncRNA MALAT1 | ↑ | Tol-DCs (DC-sign+) | mir155-5p | Promote the formation of Tol-DCs | (42) | |
| SLE | circHLA-C | ↑ | DCs | miR-150 | Promote pDCs maturation | (43) |
| Autoimmune myocarditis | circSnx5 | ↑ | cDC (CD80+, CD86+, MHC II+) | miR-544 | Reduce inflammation of EAM by regulating SOCS1, PU.1 | (44) |
| circ_Malat-1 | ↓ | cDC (CD11c+CD80+, CD86+, MHC II+) | GDF15 | Increase tolerogenic phenotype of DCs | (21) | |
| NFκB |
Increase the secretion of IL-12 and TNF-a; Increased IL-12 and TNF-A secretion in DCs.
GDF15, Growth differentiation factor 15; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B. ND, not done; ↑, upregulated; ↓, downregulated.