TABLE 1.
Protein expression and secretion associated with PNI in PDAC
| Protein | Sample sources | Testing method(s) | Expression | Association with PNI | P value | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIRC5 | Serum from 80 PDAC patients and 80 healthy controls | ELISA | Upregulated | Positive | < 0.01 | [91] |
| CADM4 | Tissues from 258 patients | IHC | Downregulated | Negative | 0.001 | [126] |
| CCND1 | Tissues from 59 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | NA | [87] |
| CDH1 | Tissues from 46 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | NA | [86] |
| CD74 | Tissues from 67 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | NA | [83] |
| CD74 | Tissues from 68 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.006 | [84, 85] |
| COL6A3 | Serum from 44 PDAC patients, 46 benign lesion patients, and 30 age‐matched healthy volunteers | ELISA; RT‐PCR | Upregulated | Positive | 0.0337 | [90] |
| CTHRC1 | Tissues from 40 patients | IHC; qRT‐PCR | Upregulated | Positive | 0.025 | [127] |
| CXCR4 | Tissues from 51 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.042 | [128] |
| FAS | Tissues from 162 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Negative | < 0.05 | [89] |
| HPGD | Tissues from 127 patients | IHC; RT‐PCR; Western blotting | Downregulated | Negative | 0.013 | [70] |
| IL‐13RA2 | Tissues from 236 patients | IHC; In situ hybridization | Upregulated | Positive | < 0.001 | [129] |
| LRP1 | Tissues from 478 patients | IHC; RT‐PCR; Western blotting | Upregulated | Positive | 0.001 | [130] |
| L1CAM | Tissue microarray containing 94 cases | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.001 | [131] |
| MAP1LC3A/B | Tissues from 109 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | < 0.05 | [77] |
| MDK | Tissues from 42 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.018 | [38] |
| MDK | Tissues from 114 patients | IHC; Western blotting | Upregulated | Positive | 0.03 | [132] |
| MYBL2 | Tissues from 93 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.013 | [133] |
| MYC | Tissues from 162 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | < 0.0001 | [89] |
| PODXL | Tissues from 168 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.005 | [134] |
| POP1 | Tissues from 67 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Negative | < 0.05 | [135] |
| PTN | Tissues from 38 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.016 | [39] |
| PTN | Orthotopic tumor mouse model | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.019 | [136] |
| SDC2 | Tissues from 42 patients; SUB8B8, T3M4, and PANC1 cells | Western blotting; qRT‐PCR | Upregulated | Positive | NA | [137] |
| SDC3 | Orthotopic tumor mouse model | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.032 | [136] |
| SNCG | Tissues from 62 patients; PNI and orthotopic tumor mouse model | Proteomics; IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.009 | [92] |
| TIMP2 | Tissues from 51 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.042 | [128] |
| VGF | Five matched PNI and non‐PNI human cancer samples | Proteomics; IHC; Western blotting | Upregulated | Positive | 0.0086 | [12] |
| WASL | Tissues from 86 patients | IHC | Upregulated | Positive | 0.038 | [138] |
Abbreviations: BIRC5, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5; CADM4, cell adhesion molecule 4; CCND1, cyclin D1; CDH1, cadherin 1; COL6A3, collagen type VI alpha 3 chain; CTHRC1, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1; CXCR4, C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; FAS, FAS cell surface death receptor; HPGD, 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IL‐13RA2, interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 2; LRP1, LDL receptor related protein 1; L1CAM, L1 cell adhesion molecule; MAP1LC3A/B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha/beta; MDK, midkine; MYBL2, MYB proto‐oncogene like 2; MYC, MYC proto‐oncogene, BHLH transcription factor; PODXL, podocalyxin like; POP1, homolog, ribonuclease P/MRP subunit; PTN, pleiotrophin; QRT‐PCR, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RT‐PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SDC2, syndecan 2; SDC3, syndecan 3; SNCG, synuclein gamma; TIMP2, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2; VGF, VGF, nerve growth factor inducible; WASL, WASP like action nucleation promoting factor; NA, not available.