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. 2021 Jul 1;41(8):747–795. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12193
Bleeding Obstruction Pain

  • Endoscopic treatment

  • Medical therapy

  • Proton pump inhibitors; Somatostatin;

  • Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE);

  • Palliative gastrectomy

  • Intestinal decompression;

  • Endoscopic treatment;

  • Gastrojejunostomy;

  • Gastric/jejunal stoma;

  • Chemotherapy;

  • Medical treatment such as analgesia, antiemetic, proton pump inhibition, anticonvulsants;

  • Drug therapy: non‐opioid analgesics (acetaminophen or NSAID) or opioid analgesics;

  • Chemotherapy;

  • External radiation therapy/chemoradiotherapy;