Table 1.
Characteristics of the literatures.
| Study | Exp. average age/range | Exp. group number | Con. average age/range | Con. group number | Exp. group method | Con. group method | Duration of Tai Chi | Country | Measure | Research designs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kasal 2010 [26] | 73.54 | 13 | 74.54 | 13 | Tai Chi | N/A | 6 months | Brazil | 5.6 | RCT |
| Lam 2012 [27] | 77.2 | 92 | 78.3 | 169 | Tai Chi + stretching and relaxation exercises | Stretching and relaxation exercises | 12 months | China | 1.3.4.5.6 | RCT |
| Li 2014 [28] | 75 | 22 | 77 | 24 | Tai Chi | N/A | 14 weeks | China | 1 | RCT |
| Tai 2016 [21] | 70.21 | 14 | 76.3 | 10 | Tai Chi | Nonhealth-related social activities | 6 weeks | China | 1.3 | RCT |
| Sungkarat 2017 [29] | 68.3 | 33 | 67.5 | 33 | Tai Chi + education | Education | 15 weeks | Thailand | 4 | RCT |
| Siu 2018 [30] | — | 80 | — | 80 | Tai Chi | N/A | 16 weeks | China | 1 | RCT |
| Huang 2019 [16] | 81.9 | 36 | 81.9 | 38 | Tai Chi + routine treatments | Routine treatments | 10 months | China | 1.2 | RCT |
| Wang 2019 [31] | 65–69 (3) 70–79 (32) 80–85 (11) |
54 | 65–69 (2) 70–79 (30) 80–85 (16) |
54 | Tai Chi | N/A | 6 months | China | 1.4 | RCT |
| Bao 2019 [32] | 65.62 | 31 | 68.22 | 31 | Tai Chi + health education | Health education | 6 months | China | 1.2 | RCT |
Measure: 1, Mini-Mental State Examination; 2, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; 3, Clinical Dementia Rating; 4, logical memory delayed recall score; 5, digit span forward; 6, digit span backward.