Table 1.
The common biocompatible materials as supportive substances in implantation of dental prosthesis.
| Type | Design | Method | Result | Ref/year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CRF-PEEK) | In vitro | 3D (three-dimensional) model of implants in the first mandibular molar using a combination of lithium disilicate, Ti, and CRF-PEEK for abutment/implant materials | Replacement of Ti implant with PEEK implant does not prepare significant advantages to lead to improved stress distribution to the bone with peri-implant | [31]/(2019) |
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| Hydroxyapatite (HA) | In vivo | Ti implants with HA coatings and grit-blasted surfaces (Al2O3) as control were embedded in rabbit tibiae | Coating with HA can improve the physical and chemical properties of osseointegration in comparison with the grit-blasted implant | [32]/(2019) |
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| Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) | In vitro | Investigation of bioactivity in PEEK sample coated with pure Ti by electron beam deposition technique and unmodified PEEK sample | Dental implants with PEEK and electron beam deposition of Ti as surface modification have increased bioactivity in comparison with unmodified PEEK implants | [33]/(2020) |
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| Chitosan | In vitro | Evaluation of the cell viability, morphology, and osteogenic capacity of chitosan in dental implants | The combination of chitosan and laser surface increases the healing process and osseointegration of dental implants | [34]/(2020) |
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| Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) | In vivo | Investigation of PMMA-based material in patients with compromised dentitions as immobilized dental prostheses | PMMA-based material can be utilized with 3- to 4-unit FDPs for long-term temporization at least more than a year | [35]/(2014) |
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| Ceramic | In vivo | Investigation of MC (metal-based ceramic) and ZC (zirconia-based ceramic) in posterior immobilized dental prostheses in patients | MC and ZC posterior immobilized dental prostheses have the same results as the most results measured in 10 years | [36]/(2018) |
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| Keratinized tissues (KT) | In vivo | Evaluation of the influence of the width of KT on peri-implant tissues by investigation of peri-implant clinical and inflammatory parameters | Free gingival graft around KT causes major improvements in inflammatory parameters and peri-implant clinical features | [37]/(2013) |
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| Titanium (Ti)/Zirconia (Zr) | In vivo | Evaluation of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators of bone metabolism in patients who received Ti and Zr as abutments fixed dental implants | Ti and Zr as abutment biomaterials have no remarkable difference in mediator profiles of bone metabolism and proinflammatory cytokines | [38]/(2015) |
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| Chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel | In vitro | Investigation of antimicrobial influences (with growth analysis of Enterococcus faecalis), DP-MSC (dental pulp-mesenchymal stem/stromal cell) viability, proliferation, production of collagen, and deposition of extracellular matrix | Chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel can stimulate neoformation of human dental pulp tissue due to the antimicrobial effects of chitosan and influence on the morphology of dental pulp cell, proliferation, viability, and production of collagenous matrix | [39]/(2019) |