Figure 2.
Oviposition preferences of a specialist and generalist moth species
(A and B) Mean number of egg batches laid by (A) T. jacobaeae and (B) M. brassicae on native and invasive J. vulgaris genotypes originating from different ranges (n = 5 for AUS, n = 5 for NZ, n = 8 for WNA, and n = 18 for Europe). Values are means ± SE. GLMMs with a Poisson error distribution: (A) origin: χ2(1) = 20.169, p < 0.001; cage: χ2(1) = 2.704, p = 0.10; range within origin: χ2(2) = 5.968, p = 0.05; (B) origin: χ2(1) = 21.488, p < 0.001; cage: χ2(1) = 3.923, p = 0.048; range within origin: χ2(2) = 1.188, p = 0.55; origin × cage: χ2(1) = 0.108, p = 0.74; range within origin × cage: χ2(2) = 9.976, p = 0.007. Different letters indicate significant differences between plant origin at p < 0.05 with a Tukey post hoc test. ns above the three invasive ranges represents no significant difference among the three invasive ranges.
(C and D) Log-linear regressions (Poisson GLMM) between CPV emissions of a given plant and the number of egg batches it received from Tyria jacobaeae (C) and Mamestra brassicae (D). (C) CPVs: χ2(1) = 9.673, p = 0.002; cage: χ2(1) = 1.456, p = 0.23; CPVs × cage: χ2(1) = 3.581, p = 0.058; (D) CPVs: χ2(1) = 44.257, p < 0.001; cage: χ2(1) = 6.287, p = 0.012; CPVs × cage: χ2(1) = 1.600, p = 0.21. The solid line indicates the predictions from the model and the dotted lines the confidence intervals of the predictions.