Table 2.

Coding guide

Coding category	Ecological framework level	Subcategories	Example quotes
Internal factors
Fear of rocking the boat	Intrapersonal	Not wanting to subvert religious authority, Professors fear conflict	“[The] greatest challenge to reconciliation [is] fear of compromise [because of] biblical authority, cultural Authority [or] Religious Authority.”
Fear of conflict (students)		Fear among students, perceived conflict on the part of students	“Students … operate out of perceived conflict between faith and science”
Student ideology	Interpersonal	Political views, fundamentalism, unwillingness of students to change opinion	“Move toward ultra-orthodox, [students see] evolution as secular!”
Student lack of knowledge		Religious misconceptions, scientific misconceptions, misunderstanding of the nature of science, believing evolution promotes racism	“Cultural inertia, misinterpretation of the teachings about the creation, human origins and relationship between evolution and ‘creation’ of humans.”
Student apathy		Specifically list student apathy	“Friendly-apathetic [attitude]”
External factors
Politics	Institutional	Institutional or governmental politics, lack of unity, fear of losing job, institutional stance is unclear, external stakeholders, church stance is incompatible with evolution	“Fear is a great challenge to any reconciliation. Fear of losing faith or one’s job.”
Mixed messaging to students		Lay ministry, curricular issues, evolution is not thoroughly covered, faculty in conflict with each other	“Faculty feels they have no time to teach evolution; they must cover what the curriculum requires.”
Lack of discourse		Specifically listed	“Unless issues are raised, no active discourse, don’t ask, don’t tell”
Demographics	Community	Anything about student demographics	“75 different nationalities represented in the student body”
Resources
Faculty as a force for change	Interpersonal	Faculty are strong role models, supportive faculty, professor accessibility, faculty training	“Faculty talks on their personal faith and scholarly journey”
Assets	Institutional	Money, technology, books	“There is a need for new discourse including books and materials”
Negating conflict		Compatible theology, visiting authorities, non-resistant administration	“VP for spiritual development has budget to bring science and faith speakers to campus twice annually”
Other institutions		Partnerships with other institutions	“There is a need for new discourse…perhaps [including an] external partnership with [a] more experienced institution.”