Table 2.
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with adopting COVID-19 precautionary measures (physical distancing, isolation/quarantine and working remotely) by adults in Nigeria (N = 4471)
| Variables | Physical distancing | Isolation/quarantine | Work remotely | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age in years | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.039 | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (ref: Not male) | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.412 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.481 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.128 |
| HIV status | ||||||
| Living with HIV (ref: Not living with HIV) | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | < 0.001 | 0.62 (0.42–0.92) | 0.018 | 0.37 (0.30–0.46) | < 0.001 |
| Level of education | ||||||
| No education | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Primary | 0.41 (0.19–0.89) | 0.024 | 3.87 (0.60–24.80) | 0.153 | 0.98 (0.29–3.35) | 0.971 |
| Secondary | 0.20 (0.11–0.39) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (0.53–5.61) | 0.362 | 0.67 (0.25–1.79) | 0.424 |
| College/university | 0.14 (0.07–0.26) | < 0.001 | 1.39 (0.44–4.38) | 0.577 | 0.30 (0.11–0.78) | 0.014 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Job loss | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.70 (0.53–0.93) | 0.013 | 1.13 (0.70–1.81) | 0.617 | 1.61 (1.20–2.18) | 0.002 |
| Had reduced wages | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.86 (0.65–1.14) | 0.290 | 0.61 (0.52–0.71) | < 0.001 |
| Medical health profile | ||||||
| High risk | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 1.45 (1.00–2.09) | 0.050 | 1.17 (0.63–2.19) | 0.622 | 0.94 (0.66–1.34) | 0.742 |
| Moderate risk | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 0.460 | 0.83 (0.60–1.14) | 0.252 | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 0.905 |
| Low risk | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.82 (0.64–1.05) | 0.114 | 0.67 (0.48–0.94) | 0.020 | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 0.315 |
| COVID-19 status | ||||||
| Tested COVID-19 positive | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 1.54 (0.99–2.40) | 0.056 | 0.18 (0.12–0.28) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (0.71–1.69) | 0.673 |
| Had symptoms but did not test for COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) | 0.009 | 0.29 (0.23–0.40) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 0.707 |
| Had a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.64 (0.51–0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.40 (0.31–0.53) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 0.866 |
| Knew someone who died from COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.71 (0.60–0.83) | < 0.001 | 0.60 (0.47–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.335 |
| Food access | ||||||
| Food intake | ||||||
| Decreased | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Increased | 0.71 (0.58–0.86) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (0.86–1.63) | 0.294 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.136 |
| No Change | 1.42 (1.18–1.71) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (0.98–1.87) | 0.063 | 1.44 (1.19–1.74) | < 0.001 |
| Hungry but did not eat | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 0.640 | 1.28 (0.82–2.02) | 0.282 | 0.83 (0.65–1.07) | 0.153 |
| Cut the size of meals or skip meals | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) | 0.250 | 0.80 (0.51–1.24) | 0.314 | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 0.544 |
| Depression | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) | 0.199 | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) | 0.004 | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.047 |
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.106 | < 0.001 | 0.184 | < 0.001 | 0.124 | < 0.001 |
| Omnibus test of model coefficients | 342.52 | < 0.001 | 357.59 | < 0.001 | 410.13 | < 0.001 |
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval