Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | COVID-19 group (n = 70) | Healthy Controls (n = 70) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.59 ± 11.83 | 46.66 ± 16.58 | 0.209a |
| Sex (male) (n) (%) | 33 (47.1) | 36 (51.4) | 0.612b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.52 ± 4.48 | 27.80 ± 5.32 | 0.735a |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (12) | 12 (17) | 0.478b |
| Smoking, n (%) | 12 (17) | 18 (26) | 0.217b |
| Alcohol addiction, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.154b |
| Asthma, n (%) | 8 (11) | 4 (6) | 0.227b |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.58 ± 1.59 | 14.37 ± 1.43 | 0.003a |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.02 ± 4.15 | 42.26 ± 4.24 | 0.002a |
| MCV (fl) | 85.92 ± 4.07 | 87.61 ± 4.50 | 0.022a |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 7.49 ± 1.61 | 7.42 ± 1.94 | 0.839a |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 243.42 ± 65.54 | 233.65 ± 46.47 | 0.312a |
| MPV (fl) | 8.37 ± 1.53 | 8.32 ± 1.18 | 0.826a |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 ± 0.18 | 0.81 ± 0.11 | 0.236a |
| GFR (ml/min.) | 98.48 ± 16.20 | 97.70 ± 15.87 | 0.775a |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 28.65 ± 8.20 | 29.20 ± 9.69 | 0.720a |
| Glucose (mg/dL)# | 95 (68–187) | 95 (73–254) | 0.284c |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.43 ± 2.29 | 140.25 ± 1.43 | 0.583a |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.27 ± 0.37 | 4.32 ± 0.33 | 0.432a |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 9.17 ± 0.35 | 9.22 ± 0.42 | 0.574a |
| ALT (U/L)# | 23 (10–201) | 20 (7–62) | 0.192c |
| AST (U/L)# | 20 (12–65) | 20 (8–54) | 0.959c |
| Total protein (g/L) | 74.04 ± 3.67 | 72.35 ± 5.69 | 0.230a |
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.71 ± 2.70 | 42.23 ± 2.42 | 0.040a |
| CRP (mg/dL)# | 0.5 (0.3–42) | 0.5 (0.1–17) | 0.204c |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 127.11 ± 39.15 | 127.29 ± 39.87 | 0.981a |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.35 ± 11.93 | 52.66 ± 15.15 | 0.725a |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.54 ± 28.68 | 183.53 ± 49.58 | 0.604a |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)# | 138 (46–542) | 139 (89–207) | 0.906c |
| hs- Troponin I (ng/L)# | 0.65 (0.1–7.9) | 1.4(0.1–6.78) | 0.073c |
| SCORE, %# | 0.0 (0–4) | 0.5 (0–4) | 0.494c |
| Drug Using | |||
| Statin, n, (%) | 11 (15.7) | 5 (7.1) | 0.183b |
| ACEI/ARB, n, (%) | 7 (10) | 9 (12.9) | 0.791b |
| Beta blocker, n, (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1b |
| Calcium channel blocker, n, (%) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (4.3) | 0.620b |
| Temporary COVID-19 treatments* | |||
| Favipravir n, (%) | 62 (88) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine n, (%) | 13 (18) | ||
| Paracetamol n, (%) | 55(78) | ||
| LMWH n, (%) | 10 (14) | ||
| Salicylic Acid (Aspirin) n, (%) | 49 (70) | ||
| Vitamin C n, (%) | 48 (68) | ||
ACEI/ARB Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, ALT Alanine amino transferase, AST Aspartate amino transferase, BMI Body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, GFR Glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-Troponin I High-sensitivity troponin I, IQR Interquartile range, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LMWH Low molecular weight heparin, MCV Mean corpuscular volume, MPV Mean platelet volume, PLT Platelet, SCORE Systemic coronary risk assessment risk score, WBC White blood cell
aIndependent t test, bChi-square test, cMann–Whitney U test. #Data are expressed as median (IQR) for continuous variables. *[median 5 (IQR 3–7) days]