Table 3.
Relative risk ratios for the changes in clinical activities estimated from a multivariable regression model adjusted by municipal and hospital characteristics.
| During the imminent months of the pandemics | After July 1, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete shutdown or >50% reduction | Reduction by 25%−50% | <2019 | More than 2019 | |||||
| RRR* (95% CI) | p-values | RRR* (95% CI) | p-values | RRR† (95% CI) | p-values | RRR† (95% CI) | p-values | |
| Outpatient visits | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) | 0.052 | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 0.139 | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) | 0.276 | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.006 |
| Category 3 | 1.39 (1.05–1.85) | 0.024 | 1.30 (1.01–1.66) | 0.038 | 1.29 (0.96–1.73) | 0.093 | 0.57 (0.42–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) | 0.706 | 0.93 (0.74–1.16) | 0.493 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.572 | 1.08 (0.80–1.47) | 0.598 |
| Tertiary | 1.44 (1.04–1.99) | 0.030 | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 0.743 | 0.86 (0.62–1.20) | 0.368 | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 0.145 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.63 (1.16–2.28) | 0.005 | 1.38 (1.11–1.71) | 0.004 | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 0.315 | 1.05 (0.78–1.40) | 0.754 |
| Outpatient appointments | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.34 (0.96–1.88) | 0.084 | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 0.716 | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 0.508 | 0.70 (0.57–0.85) | 0.001 |
| Category 3 | 1.50 (1.04–2.16) | 0.028 | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 0.073 | 1.27 (0.93–1.74) | 0.126 | 0.58 (0.45–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 0.565 | 0.95 (0.76–1.20) | 0.686 | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 0.864 | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | 0.029 |
| Tertiary | 1.63 (1.19–2.25) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 0.957 | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 0.061 | 0.99 (0.72–1.36) | 0.953 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.56 (1.12–2.18) | 0.01 | 1.43 (1.18–1.71) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | 0.694 | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 0.529 |
| Surgical volumes | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.20 (0.83–1.72) | 0.325 | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | 0.145 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.904 | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.045 |
| Category 3 | 1.55 (1.06–2.25) | 0.023 | 1.38 (1.02–1.86) | 0.037 | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | 0.22 | 0.66 (0.46–0.95) | 0.025 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.06 (0.79–1.40) | 0.706 | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 0.861 | 1.03 (0.76–1.41) | 0.828 | 1.46 (1.08–1.97) | 0.013 |
| Tertiary | 1.40 (1.03–1.92) | 0.034 | 0.94 (0.74–1.19) | 0.583 | 0.78 (0.55–1.12) | 0.174 | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 0.972 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 2.18 (1.47–3.23) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.33–2.00) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 0.612 | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.19 |
| Consultation requests | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.24 (0.90–1.69) | 0.183 | 0.90 (0.68–1.20) | 0.466 | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.687 | 0.64 (0.51–0.80) | <0.001 |
| Category 3 | 1.56 (1.12–2.17) | 0.01 | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) | 0.648 | 1.06 (0.77–1.48) | 0.709 | 0.47 (0.31–0.71) | <0.001 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.30 (0.98–1.71) | 0.068 | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 0.032 | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) | 0.93 | 1.22 (0.88–1.67) | 0.227 |
| Tertiary | 1.91 (1.44–2.55) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.11–1.73) | 0.004 | 0.86 (0.59–1.24) | 0.405 | 1.06 (0.75–1.48) | 0.744 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.69 (1.21–2.35) | 0.002 | 1.40 (1.15–1.71) | 0.001 | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.393 | 0.98 (0.72–1.32) | 0.877 |
| Admission arrangements | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.26 (0.91–1.76) | 0.166 | 1.19 (0.89–1.58) | 0.234 | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 0.47 | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | 0.002 |
| Category 3 | 1.64 (1.15–2.33) | 0.006 | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 0.186 | 1.20 (0.89–1.63) | 0.232 | 0.51 (0.36–0.72) | <0.001 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | 0.475 | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 0.998 | 1.06 (0.77–1.44) | 0.729 | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) | 0.099 |
| Tertiary | 1.63 (1.14–2.34) | 0.008 | 0.98 (0.75–1.29) | 0.901 | 0.80 (0.57–1.14) | 0.218 | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) | 0.524 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.86 (1.22–2.82) | 0.004 | 1.43 (1.16–1.76) | 0.001 | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 0.776 | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) | 0.636 |
| Emergency visits | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 1.12 (0.82–1.53) | 0.461 | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) | 0.824 | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.893 | 0.85 (0.66–1.08) | 0.179 |
| Category 3 | 1.36 (0.95–1.96) | 0.091 | 1.16 (0.85–1.60) | 0.34 | 1.05 (0.74–1.47) | 0.798 | 0.60 (0.44–0.83) | 0.002 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 0.96 (0.69–1.33) | 0.814 | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 0.243 | 0.86 (0.66–1.11) | 0.232 | 1.16 (0.81–1.68) | 0.416 |
| Tertiary | 1.14 (0.87–1.49) | 0.342 | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | 0.769 | 0.68 (0.51–0.91) | 0.011 | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | 0.249 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.82 (1.36–2.43) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.15–1.68) | 0.001 | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 0.569 | 1.10 (0.80–1.52) | 0.551 |
| Online consultations ‡ | ||||||||
| Categories of cities | ||||||||
| Category 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Category 2 | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 0.425 | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.001 | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 0.552 | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 0.445 |
| Category 3 | 1.06 (0.74–1.50) | 0.764 | 0.59 (0.44–0.79) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.79–1.45) | 0.68 | 1.20 (0.90–1.62) | 0.215 |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Secondary | 0.87 (0.61–1.24) | 0.445 | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) | 0.693 | 0.78 (0.56–1.08) | 0.128 | 1.37 (0.99–1.90) | 0.058 |
| Tertiary | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.202 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.134 | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) | 0.012 | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 0.702 |
| Natures of hospitals | ||||||||
| Specialized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| General | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 0.098 | 1.10 (0.92–1.33) | 0.298 | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 0.593 | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 0.637 |
The categories of cities were based on the total number of hospital beds. In categories 1, 2 and 3 cities, the total numbers of beds were fewer than 10,000; 10,000–30,000; and more than 30,000, respectively. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval;. RRR, relative risk ratio.
*
With the response of “reduction <25% or no change” as reference.
†
With the response of “same as 2019” as reference.
‡
The two percentage values during the imminent months of the pandemics denote no change and increasing, with the response of “reduction” as reference.