Table 3.
Adjusted relative effects comparing exposed vs. not exposed pregnant participants by vaccine components/platforms.
| Exposure References | Pregnant participants | Studies (%) | Adjusted relative effects# $ (exposed vs no exposed) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS03 [22], [24], [25], [26], [27], [31], [32], [34], [35], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [56], [57], [59] | 536,240 | 23 (60%) | Congenital malformation: 0.98–1.01 Fetal death 0.66–0.88 Early neonatal death: 0.82–1.02 Later death: 0.78 Preterm delivery 0.86–1.00 (Very preterm 0.73$–0.90) Low birth weight/small at term 0.86–1.04 (<10th & 3rd percentile: 0.90 & 0.81; very low birth weight 0.84) Low Apgar score at term 0.97–1.08 Gestational diabetes 0.94 Pre-eclampsia: 0.99 Stillbirth: 0.77 to1.05 Caesarean section: 0.94 Peripartum complications: 0.65$ |
| *Aluminum phosphate [28], [36], [45], [46], [49] | 1,852,842 | 5 (13%) | Preterm birth: 0.99 Low birth weight at term: 1.19 Small for gestational age (<10th percentile): 1.09 |
| *Aluminum salts only [29], [30], [47], [48], [55] | 8,025 | 5 (13%) | Stillbirth: 0.49$ Gestational hypertension 0.85–1.02 Gestational diabetes: 0.9–1.06 Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia: 0.92–1.07 Cesarean delivery: 1.01 Pre-term birth (<37 weeks): 0.83–1.14 Low birth weight (<2500 g): 1.05–1.21 Small for gestational age at birth: 1.13–1.32 |
| *CpG 1018 & Aluminum salts [23], [37] | 1,735 | 2 (5%) | Not available |
| ISCOM-Matrix [33] | 10 | 1 (3%) | Not available |
| mRNA-LNP [4] | 84 | 1 (3%) | Not available |
| ChAdOx1 RVF [58] | 16 | 1 (3%) | Not available |
* Any aluminum exposure 1,861,462 pregnant participants from 11 studies; LNP: lipid nanoparticle.
# Adjusted Hazard Ratio; Relative Risk or Odds Ratio; $ statistically significant.