Table 2.
Metabolites that were associated with 5-year postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism after multiple adjustment.
| Metabolites ID | Chemical name | Association with 5-year postpartum AGM† | Potential predictor of AGM among GDM women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| regardless GDM status | GDM subjects | Non-GDM subjects | |||
| 187.0077_3.20_rn | p-Cresol sulfate | + | + | – | ● |
| 212.0026_2.41_rn | Indoxyl sulfate | + | – | – | |
| 217.0177_3.95_rn | 3-CMPFP | + | – | – | |
| 254.9827_0.42_rn | Ascorbic acid-2-sulfate | + | – | – | |
| 271.2053_6.85_rp | Alpha-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate | + | – | – | |
| 274.1047_0.42_rn | Glutaminylglutamic acid | + | – | + | |
| 279.2316_0.44_hp | Alpha-Linolenic acid | + | – | – | |
| 279.2323_9.57_rp | Alpha-Linolenic acid | + | – | – | |
| 281.2476_0.44_hp | Linoleic acid | + | + | – | ● |
| 351.1640_4.20_rn | Epiandrosterone sulfate | + | – | – | |
| 367.1062_0.46_rn | 3-O-Feruloylquinic acid | + | – | – | |
| 369.1742_5.47_rn | Epiandrosterone sulfate | + | – | – | |
| 369.1746_4.93_rn | Epiandrosterone sulfate | + | – | – | |
| 378.1011_5.22_rn | Chondroitin | + | – | – | |
| 429.3001_8.36_rp | Spirotaccagenin | + | – | + | |
| 446.2915_5.37_rn | Glycocholic acid | – | + | – | ● |
| 449.1307_4.15_rn | Oleoside 11-methyl ester | + | – | – | |
| 464.3024_4.78_rn | LysoPC(16:1) | + | – | – | |
| 471.2434_4.21_rn | LysoPE(20:4) | + | – | – | |
| 494.3249_8.41_rp | LysoPC(16:1) | – | + | – | ● |
| 546.3563_8.78_rp | LysoPC(20:3) | + | + | – | ● |
| 559.4713_0.44_hp | DG(18:4) | + | – | – | |
| 577.4823_0.44_hp | DG(18:3) | + | – | – | |
FDR false discovery rate.
†All models were adjusted for age at year 5, ethnicity (Chinese as reference), college education, BMI at year 5, family history of T2D, and nulliparity.
+ : Associated with 5-year postpartum AGM with FDR < 0.1, −: FDR ≥ 0.1, ●: considered as potential indicator of AGM among GDM women.