Table 5.

Selected proton studies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Author year	Institution(s)	Study type	Number of patients	Proton technique	Most common dose/fractionation	Median follow-up (months)	Local control	PFS	OS	Grade ≥ 3 CTCAE (acute or late)	Patients with CP increase by 2
Bush 201110	Loma Linda University Medical Center	Prospective	76	Passive scatter	63 GyE / 15 fx	NR	NR	2 year: 30%∗	2 year: 25%∗	0%	NR
Komatsu 201112	Hyogo ion beam medical Center	Prospective	242	Passive scatter	53-84 GyE / 4-38 fx	31	5 year: 90.2%	NR	5 year: 38%	3%	NR
Mizumoto 201113	University of Tsukuba	Prospective	266	Passive scatter	66 GyE / 10 fx	NR	1 year: 98% 3 year: 87%	1 year: 56% 3 year: 21%	1 year: 87% 3 year: 61%	3%	NR
Hong 20168	MGH, MDACC, Upenn	Prospective	44‡	Passive scatter	67.5 GyE / 15 fx	20†	2 year: 94.8%‡	1 year: 56.1%‡ 2 year: 39.9%‡	1 year: 76.5%‡ 2 year: 63.2%‡	2%‡	4%†
Chadha 201911	MDACC	Retrospective	46	Passive scatter	67.5 GyE / 15 fx	15	1 year: 95% 2 year: 81%	1 year: 74% 2 year: 57%	1 year: 73% 2 year: 62%	13%	9%
Kim 202014	National Cancer Center (South Korea)	Prospective	45	Passive scatter	70 GyE / 10 fx	35	1 year: 98% 2 year: 95%	1 year: 78% 2 year: 48%	1 year: 98% 2 year: 92%	0%	0%
Parzen 202015	Proton Collaborative Group (United States)	Retrospective	30‡	NR	58.05 GyE / 15fx	8‡	1 year: 91%‡	1 year: 60%‡	1 year: 72%‡	3%‡	NR
Current Series	Mayo Clinic	Retrospective	37	IMPT	67.5 GyE / 15 fx	19	1 year: 94%	1 year: 35%	1 year: 78%	3%	16%

Abbreviations: CP = Child-Pugh; CTCAE = Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma; IMPT = intensity modulated proton therapy; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression free survival; NR = not reported.

^∗Estimated from provided survival curves (Milan criteria patients for PFS, nontransplant patients for OS)

^†Includes both patients with HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

^‡Includes only patients with HCC reported in the manuscript.