Table 1.

Ureter and urinary bladder epidermoid cysts with or without malignant transformation reported in the literature.

Author, year	Age/Sex	Clinical presentation	Method of diagnosis/treatment	Location	Biopsy	Pathology	Malignant transformation	Follow up
Ishizaki, et al., 2003 [5]	72/M	Right flank pain with history of renal stone since 4 years	Sonography: right hydronephrosis Intravenous urography: right kidney doesn't visualized Retrograde pyelography: showed complete obstruction at the right ureter. Computed tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging: small calcified mass with partial enhancement at the same location as well as right hydronephrosis	Upper part of ureter	Yes	Epidermoid cyst	No	Not applicable
Wang, et al., 2013 [14]	31/M	Non	Sonography: Avascular lesion with onion-ring hyper and hypoechoic pattern. Computed tomography: cystic mass at right wall of the urinary bladder	Right lateral wall	Yes	Epidermal cyst	No	After 18 months no recurrence noted
Akyuz, et al., 2019 [4]	59/F	Burning pain during urination	Sonography: three polypoidal lesions the largest being 6 mm in diameter	Left lateral wall	Yes	Epidermoid cyst	No	After 3 months no recurrence noted
Puppala, et al., 2019 [6]	45/F	Lower abdominal pain, urinary frequency, and left flank pain	Sonography: focal soft tissue thickening with calcified speck in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. Computed tomography: focal nodular thickening of posterior wall of the urinary bladder with calcification Magnetic resonance imaging: a well-defined lesion in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder	Posterior wall	Yes	Epidermoid cyst	No	Not applicable