Table 1.
Detailed characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Design | AD diagnosis | Number of patients | Mean age (years) | Female (%) | AD severity | Mean MMSE | Hypertension (%) | Anti-thrombotic therapy (%) * | Follow-up | Control group without AD | Incident ischemic stroke (n) | Incident intracerebral hemorrhage (n) | Incident stroke, all types (n) † |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al. 202019‡ | Retrospective cohort | DSM-IV | 1648 | 76.2 | 57.6 | NA | NA | 62.4 | 50.0 | 6767 person-years | 16,480 | NA | 39 | NA |
| Taipale et al. 201721§ | Retrospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 45,050 | NA | 63.7 | NA | NA | 31.2 | 17.0 | 122,136 person-years | – | 1832 | 510 | 2397 |
| Vandenberghe et al. 201637¶ | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA | 759 | 70.0 | 59.2 | Mild to moderate | 20.2 | NA | NA | 1.5 years (per protocol) | – | NA | 2 | NA |
| Benedictus et al. 201538 | Prospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; NIAAA | 301 | 71.2 | 42.0 | NA | 21.0 | 22.8 | 40.5 | 1500 patient-years | – | 12 | 5 | 23 |
| Cummings et al. 201539 | RT | NIAAA | 220 | 77.8 | 57.3 | NA | 16.6 | NA | NA | 10 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 1 |
| Salloway et al. 201423¶ | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA | 972 | 72.1 | 53.3 | Mild to moderate | 20.8 | NA | NA | 1.5 years (per protocol) | – | 8 | 1 | 10 |
| Chi et al. 201320‡ | Retrospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 980 | NA | 59.9 | NA | NA | 72.8 | NA | 4 years (mean) | 4900 | 139 | 21 | 160 |
| Tolppanen et al. 201322§ | Retrospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 27,170 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 91,510 person-years | 23,638 | 1217 | 276 | 1541 |
| Imfeld et al. 201340 | Retrospective cohort | Algorithm based on diagnostic codes from primary care database | 6443 | 80.6 | 69.5 | NA | NA | 35.9 | NA | 15,688 person-years | 6171 | 74 | 43 | 117 |
| Trzepacz et al. 201341 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV-TR | 132 | 77.5 | 50.8 | NA | 16.9 | NA | NA | 3 months (per protocol) | – | NA | 1 | NA |
| Epstein et al. 201242 | Prospective cohort | NINCD-ADRDA | 184 | 75.4 | 47.8 | NA | NA | 73.0 | NA | 2.6 years (mean) | – | NA | NA | 2 |
| Lee et al. 201143 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 887 | 73.6 | 66.6 | NA | 16.4 | NA | NA | 24 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 2 |
| Li et al. 201044 | Prospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 324 | 72.9 | 70.4 | NA | 15.5 | 35.5 | NA | 5 years | – | 32 | 9 | 41 |
| Farlow et al. 201045 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV-TR | 261 | 77.2 | 57.9 | Mild to moderate | 18.3 | NA | NA | 3 months (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 1 |
| Grossberg et al. 200946 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 870 | 73.5 | 66.0 | NA | 16.5 | NA | NA | 28 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 4 |
| Richard et al. 200947 | RT | NINCD-ADRDA | 123 | 76.4 | 56.9 | NA | 21.9 | NA | 36.6 | 2 years (per protocol) | – | NA | 3 | NA |
| Clerici et al. 200948 | Prospective cohort | NINCD-ADRDA | 451 | 77.0 | 71.6 | Moderate to severe | 9.0 | NA | NA | 6 months (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 1 |
| Kessler et al. 200849 | RT | NINCD-ADRDA | 68 | 69.5 | 47.1 | Mild | NA | NA | NA | 1 year (per protocol) | – | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| de Jong et al. 200850 | RT | NINCD-ADRDA | 51 | 72.4 | 64.7 | Mild to moderate | 19.6 | NA | NA | 1 year (per protocol) | – | 1 | NA | NA |
| AD2000 CG, 200851 | RT | DSM-IV | 310 | 75 (median) | 62.9 | NA | 19 (median) | 19.7 | 50.3 | 3 years (per protocol) | – | NA | 4 | 20 |
| Bakchine et al. 200852 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 470 | 73.8 | 63.2 | Mild to moderate | 18.9 | NA | NA | 6 months (per protocol) | – | NA | 2 | NA |
| Mintzer et al. 200753 | RT | DSM-IV | 480 | 82.5 | 80.0 | NA | 12.4 | NA | NA | 10 weeks (per protocol) | – | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Howard et al. 200754 | RT | NINCD-ADRDA | 259 | 84.6 | 84.6 | NA | 8.1 | NA | NA | 12 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 1 |
| Soininen et al. 200755 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 425 | 73.6 | 54.8 | Mild to moderate | 19.6 | 28.7 | 34.6 | 1 year (per protocol) | – | NA | 1 | 10 |
| Regan et al. 200656 | Prospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 167 | 81.7 | 72.5 | NA | 14.1 | NA | NA | 1.5 years | – | NA | NA | 7 |
| Silvestrini et al. 200657 | Prospective cohort | NINCDS-ADRDA | 53 | 70.3 | 47.0 | Mild to moderate | 17.5 | 49.0 | 11.0 | 1 year | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Schneider et al. 200658 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV | 421 | 77.9 | 55.8 | NA | 15.0 | NA | NA | 36 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | NA | 5 |
| Seltzer et al. 200459 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA; DSM-IV-TR | 153 | 74.0 | 53.6 | Mild | 24.2 | NA | NA | 24 weeks (per protocol) | – | NA | 1 | NA |
| Imbimbo et al. 200060 | RT | NINCDS-ADRDA | 342 | 72.6 | 64.9 | NA | 17.7 | NA | NA | 6 months (per protocol) | – | 1 | NA | NA |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, RT randomized trial, NA not available, NINCD-ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination.
*Antithrombotic therapy includes antiplatelet therapy and/or anticoagulation.
†Incident stroke (all types) includes ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and unspecified stroke type.
‡,§Studies with overlapping population.
¶Only patients in the non-interventional group were included.