Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between oral health problems and risk of all-cause mortality in older people in the BRHS after 9 years of follow-up and in the HABC Study after 15 years of follow-up.
| BRHS | HABC study | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | All-cause mortality | ||||
| Age adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted* HR (95% CI) |
Age adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted† HR (95% CI) |
||
| Tooth loss | Tooth loss | ||||
| ≥ 21 teeth (n = 594, 36%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≥ 21 teeth (n = 943, 48%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 15–20 teeth (n = 340, 20%) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 0.97 (0.71, 1.32) | 15–20 teeth (n = 357, 18%) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) |
| 8–14 teeth (n = 265, 16%) | 1.40 (1.08, 1.82) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.47) | 8–14 teeth (n = 282, 14%) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) |
| 1–7 teeth (n = 123, 7%) | 1.71 (1.26, 2.32) | 1.59 (1.09, 2.31) | 1–7 teeth (n = 184, 9%) | 1.48 (1.21, 1.81) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.65) |
| 0 teeth (n = 338, 20%) | 1.71 (1.36, 2.15) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.57) | 0 teeth (n = 208, 10%) | 1.47 (1.23, 1.76) | 1.33 (1.08, 1.63) |
| Periodontal disease||(% of sites with loss of attachment > 5.5 mm) | Periodontal disease||(% of sites with pocket depth ≥ 3 mm) | ||||
| ≤ 20% (n = 943, 76%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 20% (n = 509, 45%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > 20% (n = 303, 24%) | 1.45 (1.16, 1.81) | 1.24 (0.94, 1.63) | > 20% (n = 627, 55%) | 1.17 (1.00, 1.48) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.29) |
| Self-rated oral health | Self-rated oral health | ||||
| Good/excellent (n = 1320, 65%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | Good/excellent (n = 1889, 70%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair/poor (n = 719, 35%) | 1.15 (0.99, 1.33) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | Fair/poor (n = 829, 30%) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.23) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) |
| Dry mouth symptoms | Dry mouth | ||||
| 0 (n = 762, 37%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | No (n = 2612, 96%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 (n = 666, 33%) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) | Yes (n = 107, 4%) | 1.52 (1.23, 1.90) | 1.46 (1.15, 1.84) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 606, 30%) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.56) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.57) | |||
| Cumulative oral health problems‡ | Cumulative oral health problems§ | ||||
| 0 (n = 340, 16%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 (n = 778, 28%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 (n = 1041, 49%) | 1.48 (1.17, 1.88) | 1.23 (0.90, 1.67) | 1 (n = 1367, 49%) | 1.30 (1.16, 1.45) | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) |
| 2 (n = 540, 25%) | 1.74 (1.35, 2.23) | 1.29 (0.92, 1.82) | 2 (n = 394, 14%) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.28) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 226, 10%) | 1.79 (1.34, 2.38) | 1.32 (0.88, 1.97) | ≥ 3 (n = 223, 8%) | 1.45 (1.21, 1.74) | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) |
*Age, social class, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, EDI score, hypertension, triglycerides, HDL, CRP, IL-6, fibrin d-dimer, hsTnT.
†Age, gender, race, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, HEI score, hypertension, total blood cholesterol, CRP, IL-6.
‡Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, symptoms of dry mouth, and sensitivity to hot/cold/sweet.
§Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, dry mouth when eating, and limit of food due to gum problems.
||Only measures of periodontal disease with positive associations included.