Table 3.
Competing risk analysis (subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the association between oral health problems and risk of CVD mortality in older people in the BRHS after 9 years of follow-up and in the HABC Study after 15 years of follow-up.
| BRHS CVD mortality |
HABC study CVD mortality |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age adjusted SHR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted* SHR (95% CI) |
Age adjusted SHR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted† SHR (95% CI) |
||
| Tooth loss | Tooth loss | ||||
| ≥ 21 teeth (n = 594, 36%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≥ 21 teeth (n = 943, 48%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 15–20 teeth (n = 340, 20%) | 1.14 (0.72, 1.80) | 0.99 (0.56, 1.73) | 15–20 teeth (n = 357, 18%) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.91 (0.62, 1.32) |
| 8–14 teeth (n = 265, 16%) | 1.92 (1.24, 2.95) | 1.53 (0.86, 2.71) | 8–14 teeth (n = 282, 14%) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.83) | 1.25 (0.85, 1.82) |
| 1–7 teeth (n = 123, 7%) | 2.11 (1.27, 3.51) | 1.67 (0.82, 3.40) | 1–7 teeth (n = 184, 9%) | 0.93 (0.59, 1.46) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.47) |
| 0 teeth (n = 338, 20%) | 1.33 (0.86, 2.07) | 1.04 (0.59, 1.85) | 0 teeth (n = 208, 10%) | 1.37 (0.95, 1.98) | 1.46 (0.95, 2.26) |
| Periodontal disease|| (% of sites with pocket depth > 3.5 mm) | Periodontal disease||(% of sites with pocket depth ≥ 3 mm) | ||||
| ≤ 20% (n = 880, 71%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 20% (n = 509, 45%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > 20% (n = 365, 29%) | 1.27 (0.88, 1.85) | 1.50 (0.93, 2.40) | > 20% (n = 627, 55%) | 1.54 (1.08, 2.19) | 1.49 (1.01, 2.20) |
| Self-rated oral health | Self-rated oral health | ||||
| Good/excellent (n = 1320, 65%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | Good/excellent (n = 1889, 70%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair/poor (n = 719, 35%) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.57) | 1.14 (0.77, 1.69) | Fair/poor (n = 829, 30%) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.40) |
| Dry mouth symptoms | Dry mouth | ||||
| 0 (n = 762, 37%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | No (n = 2612, 96%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 (n = 666, 33%) | 1.14 (0.83, 1.56) | 1.12 (0.69, 1.81) | Yes (n = 107, 4%) | 1.32 (0.84, 2.07) | 1.39 (0.86, 2.23) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 606, 30%) | 1.33 (0.97, 1.80) | 1.31 (0.81, 2.12) | |||
| Cumulative oral health problems‡ | Cumulative oral health problems§ | ||||
| 0 (n = 340, 16%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 (n = 778, 28%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 (n = 1041, 49%) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.46) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.18) | 1 (n = 1367, 49%) | 1.18 (0.93, 1.50) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.51) |
| 2 (n = 540, 25%) | 1.49 (0.98, 2.26) | 1.10 (0.62, 1.94) | 2 (n = 394, 14%) | 1.23 (0.90, 1.68) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.78) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 226, 10%) | 1.40 (0.86, 2.28) | 0.97 (0.50, 1.92) | ≥ 3 (n = 223, 8%) | 1.05 (0.70, 1.58) | 1.10 (0.70, 1.71) |
*Age, social class, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, EDI score, hypertension, triglycerides, HDL, CRP, IL-6, fibrin d-dimer, hsTnT.
†Age, gender, race, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, HEI score, hypertension, total blood cholesterol, CRP, IL-6.
‡Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, symptoms of dry mouth, and sensitivity to hot/cold/sweet.
§Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, dry mouth when eating, and limit of food due to gum problems.
||Only measures of periodontal disease with positive associations included.