Table 4.
Accelerated failure time analysis (time ratios (TR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the association between oral health problems and respiratory mortality in older people in the BRHS after 9 years of follow-up and the HABC Study after 15 years of follow-up.
| BRHS | HABC study | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory mortality | Respiratory mortality | ||||
| Age adjusted TR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted* TR (95% CI) |
Age adjusted TR (95% CI) |
Fully adjusted† TR (95% CI) |
||
| Tooth loss | Tooth loss | ||||
| ≥ 21 teeth (n = 594, 36%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≥ 21 teeth (n = 943, 48%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 15–20 teeth (n = 340, 20%) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.23) | 0.89 (0.53, 1.50) | 15–20 teeth (n = 357, 18%) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) |
| 8–14 teeth (n = 265, 16%) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.18) | 1.15 (0.60, 2.22) | 8–14 teeth (n = 282, 14%) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.14) |
| 1–7 teeth (n = 123, 7%) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.78) | 0.85 (0.41, 1.75) | 1–7 teeth (n = 184, 9%) | 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) | 0.73 (0.54, 0.98) |
| 0 teeth (n = 338, 20%) | 0.56 (0.36, 0.87) | 0.72 (0.44, 1.19) | 0 teeth (n = 208, 10%) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | 0.73 (0.55, 0.97) |
| Periodontal disease||(% of sites with loss of attachment > 5.5 mm) | Periodontal disease||(% of sites with loss of attachment ≥ 3 mm) | ||||
| ≤ 20% (n = 943, 76%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 20% (n = 412, 36%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > 20% (n = 303, 24%) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.64) | > 20% (n = 721, 64%) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.07) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) |
| Self-rated oral health | Self-rated oral health | ||||
| Good/excellent (n = 1320, 65%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | Good/excellent (n = 1889, 70%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair/poor (n = 719, 35%) | 0.85 (0.66, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.45) | Fair/poor (n = 829, 30%) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) |
| Dry mouth symptoms | Dry mouth | ||||
| 0 (n = 762, 37%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | No (n = 2612, 96%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 (n = 666, 33%) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.21) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.55) | Yes (n = 107, 4%) | 0.71 (0.52, 0.96) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.02) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 606, 30%) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.12) | 1.24 (0.81, 1.90) | |||
| Cumulative oral health problems‡ | Cumulative oral health problems§ | ||||
| 0 (n = 340, 16%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 (n = 778, 28%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 (n = 1041, 49%) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.56, 1.54) | 1 (n = 1367, 49%) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.03) |
| 2 (n = 540, 25%) | 0.65 (0.40, 1.04) | 1.11 (0.62, 1.96) | 2 (n = 394, 14%) | 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) | 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 226, 10%) | 0.65 (0.38, 1.12) | 1.38 (0.64, 3.00) | ≥ 3 (n = 223, 8%) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.84) | 0.76 (0.58, 1.01) |
*Age, social class, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, EDI score, FEV1/FVC ratio, hypertension, triglycerides, HDL, CRP, IL-6, fibrin d-dimer, hsTnT.
†Age, gender, race, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI, HEI score, respiration rate, hypertension, total blood cholesterol, CRP, IL-6.
‡Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, symptoms of dry mouth, and sensitivity to hot/cold/sweet.
§Includes < 21 teeth, difficulty eating, dry mouth when eating, and limit of food due to gum problems. ||Only measures of periodontal disease with positive associations included.