Table 3.

Demand scenarios used as constraints in the MILP model

Location	Use	2030 demand (MMTPA)	2050 demand (MMTPA)
Algeciras (Spain)	Shipping	0.39	13
Antwerp (Belgium)	Shipping	0.39	13
Fujairah (UAE)	Shipping	1.17	39
Germany	Domestic energy	1.65	55
Hong Kong	Shipping	0.81	27
Japan	Domestic energy	3	100
Los angeles (USA)	Shipping	0.59	20
Panama canal	Shipping	0.59	20
Rotterdam (Netherlands)	Shipping	0.39	13
Shanghai (China)	Shipping	0.81	27
Singapore	Shipping	0.81	27
South Korea	Domestic energy	2.52	87
	Shipping	0.81	27