Table 1.
Characteristics of participants aged 40–64 years, according to quartiles of total tocopherol intake at dietary surveys, CIRCS 1985–1999.
| Total tocopherol | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (High) | P for trend | |
| Median vitamin Ea (mg/day) | 11.9 | 18.4 | 24.2 | 33.3 | |
| Age (years) | 51.9 | 51.3 | 51.1 | 50.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Women (%) | 39.2 | 51.3 | 61.9 | 71.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 23.8 | 0.74 |
| Current smoker (%) | 37.7 | 28.7 | 23.4 | 19.5 | 0.28 |
| Current drinker (%) | 52.0 | 40.6 | 35.7 | 29.0 | 0.21 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 | 131 | 131 | 129 | 0.07 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.4 | 81.7 | 80.8 | 80.2 | 0.18 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 13.0 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 0.51 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 0.87 |
| History of stroke (%) | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.61 |
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199 | 201 | 199 | 202 | 0.21 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication (%) | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.73 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2011 | 1955 | 1966 | 1973 | < 0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 311 | 288 | 281 | 269 | < 0.0001 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 35.5 | 35.5 | 43.6 | 49.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Protein (g/day) | 67.4 | 70.2 | 72.2 | 71.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Total fiber (g/day) | 12.6 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 17.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 227 | 258 | 296 | 322 | < 0.0001 |
| Fruit (g/day) | 132 | 142 | 144 | 160 | 0.33 |
| Fish (g/day) | 98.9 | 100.1 | 98.8 | 88.5 | 0.08 |
| Meats (g/day) | 46.7 | 49.5 | 50.4 | 48.0 | 0.12 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 4308 | 4528 | 4728 | 4774 | < 0.0001 |
| DHA + EPA (mg/day) | 991 | 979 | 968 | 806 | 0.03 |
| α-Linolenic acid (mg/day) | 686 | 1139 | 1534 | 2354 | < 0.0001 |
| Linoleic acid (mg/day) | 4932 | 7390 | 9553 | 13,762 | < 0.0001 |
aEnergy-adjusted values by nutrient residual model.