Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, Year | Population | Procedure | Cryoanalgesia Application Location | Intervention Concurrent Analgesia | Comparator | Trial Size (Cryoanalgesia, Comparator) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brichon [33], 1994 | Parenchymal disease | Thoracotomy | 5 IC nerves | OA, NOA | TE, OA, NOA | 41, 33 |
| Ju [36], 2008 | Lung or esophageal disease | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | OA | TE, OA | 53, 54 |
| Yang [41], 2004 | Malignant disease | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | TE, OA, NOA | TE, OA, NOA | 45, 45 |
| Mustola [42], 2011 | Infection or tumor | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | TE, OA, NOA | TE, OA, NOA | 21, 21 |
| Momenzadeh [25], 2011 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | OA | OA | 30, 30 |
| Ma [29], 2009 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 4 IC nerves | OA | OA | 60, 60 |
| Katz [37], 1980 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | Cryoanalgesia used at 5–6 IC nerves | OA | INB, OA | 15, 9 |
| Keenan [32], 1983 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 6 IC nerves | OA (Group 2) | OA (Group 4) | 15, 15 |
| Muller [30], 1989 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 4 IC nerves | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 30, 33 |
| Miguel [35], 1993 | Malignant disease | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | OA (Group 1) | OA (Group 4) LE (Group 1) |
14, 11 |
| Moorjani [27], 2001 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 4 IC nerves | OA | OA | 100, 100 |
| Joucken [38], 1987 | Lung cancer | Thoracotomy | IC nerves | OA | INB, OA (Group 2) | 15, 15 |
| Ba [23], 2014 | Lung cancer | Thoracotomy | 4 IC nerves | None | NOA | 87, 91 |
| Pastor [31], 1996 | Varied | Thoracotomy | 6 IC nerves | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 55, 45 |
| Roberts [39], 1988 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 8 IC nerves | OA | INB, OA | 71, 73 |
| Roxburgh [34], 1987 | Unspecified | Thoracotomy | 5-6 IC nerves | LE, OA, NOA | LE, OA, NOA | 23, 30 |
| Gwak [26], 2004 | Lung cancer | Thoracotomy | 3 IC nerves | OA | OA | 25, 25 |
| Sepsas [28], 2013 | Lung cancer | Thoracotomy | 4 IC nerves | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 25, 25 |
| Lu [24], 2013 | Esophageal disease | Esophagectomy or thoracotomy | 6 IC nerves | OA, NOA | NDIMF, OA, NOA | 94, 92 |
| Callesen [19], 1998 | 48 male patients with inguinal hernia | Herniorrhaphy | Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 24, 24 |
| Khiroya [20], 1986 | Inguinal hernia | Herniorrhaphy | Ilioinguinal nerve | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 36 total |
| Ahmadnia [21], 2010 | Kidney donors | Nephrectomy | 11th IC nerve | OA | OA | 15, 15 |
| Robinson [22], 2000 | Adults and children with recurrent tonsilitis | Tonsillectomy | Tonsillar fossa after tonsillectomy | OA, NOA | OA, NOA | 29, 28 |
| Graves [40], 2019 | Adults and children with pectus exacavatum | Nuss Procedure | 5 IC nerves | OA, NOA | TE, OA, NOA | 10, 10 |
IC: Intercostal; OA: Opioid analgesia; NOA: Non-opioid analgesia; TE: Thoracic epidural; INB: Intercostal nerve block; LE: Lumbar Epidural; NDIMF: Non-divided intercostal muscle flap.