Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample as a Whole and Stratified by Sex
| Characteristic | All (n = 2267) | Men (n = 821) | Women (n = 1446) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.29 ± 10.01 | 70.28 ± 9.16 | 73.44 ± 10.29 | <.001 |
| Living alone | 1186 (52.3) | 275 (33.5) | 911 (63.0) | <.001 |
| Educational level* | ||||
| Elementary school | 306 (13.5) | 89 (10.8) | 217 (15.0) | .01 |
| High school | 1115 (49.2) | 348 (42.4) | 768 (53.1) | <.001 |
| University | 845 (37.3) | 384 (46.8) | 461 (31.9) | <.001 |
| Physical activity ≥1 time/wk | 1712 (75.5) | 645 (78.6) | 1067 (73.8) | .01 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.08 ± 0.40 | 1.19 ± 0.35 | 1.03 ± 0.41 | <.001 |
| MMSE* | 28.82 ± 1.62 | 28.87 ± 1.47 | 27.98 ± 3.16 | <.001 |
| MADRS > 9* | 116 (5.3) | 33 (4.1) | 83 (5.9) | .09 |
| Pain* | 826 (36.7) | 205 (25.1) | 621 (43.3) | <.001 |
| Number of chronic diseases | 3.66 ± 2.24 | 3.38 ± 2.19 | 3.83 ± 2.25 | <.001 |
| Number of FRIDs | 1.12 ± 1.45 | 0.95 ± 1.34 | 1.22 ± 1.51 | <.001 |
| History of falls | 125 (4.7) | 30 (3.7) | 95 (6.6) | .005 |
Notes: FRIDs = fall-risk-increasing drugs; MADRS = Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.
*Missing values: n = 1 in educational level, n = 1 in baseline MMSE, n = 63 in baseline MADRS, n = 16 in pain.