Table 2.
Associations of Physical Performance and Physical Function With D3Cr Muscle Mass, DXA LBM or DXA ALM Using Logistic Regression Models [OR (95% CI)]
| Physical Performance* | Physical Function+ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | Model 4|| | Model 5† | Model 6‡ | Model 7§ | Model 8|| | |
| Muscle mass (D3Cr) | ||||||||
| Relative D3Cr muscle mass/kg | ||||||||
| Low (n = 36) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 4.93 (1.80, 13.47) | 5.93 (1.91, 18.43) | 5.24 (1.40, 19.58) | 4.68 (1.16, 18.88) | 3.24 (1.17, 9.00) | 3.15 (1.13, 8.84) | 2.25 (0.65, 7.84) | 1.77 (0.48, 6.58) |
| Relative D3Cr muscle mass/BMI | ||||||||
| Low (n = 36) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 8.63 (2.95, 25.28) | 8.20 (2.56, 26.29) | 8.13 (2.02, 32.70) | 7.75 (1.75, 34.30) | 4.29 (1.50, 12.25) | 3.93 (1.34, 11.51) | 2.82 (0.77, 10.31) | 2.28 (0.58, 9.02) |
| Relative D3Cr muscle mass/m2 | ||||||||
| Low (n = 36) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 1.87 (0.73, 4.77) | 1.44 (0.52, 3.99) | 0.99 (0.29, 3.39) | 1.00 (0.27, 3.79) | 0.72 (0.27, 1.91) | 0.62 (0.23, 1.71) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.88) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.71) |
| DXA LBM | ||||||||
| Relative DXA LBM/kg | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 1.73 (0.69, 4.38) | 3.65 (1.17, 11.38) | 3.40 (0.88, 13.11) | 2.55 (0.61, 10.71) | 1.84 (0.69, 4.90) | 2.47 (0.85, 7.18) | 1.53 (0.42, 5.60) | 1.08 (0.26, 4.54) |
| Relative DXA LBM/BMI | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 2.17 (0.85, 5.53) | 2.47 (0.88, 6.93) | 2.90 (0.78, 10.77) | 2.43 (0.59, 9.98) | 2.37 (0.88, 6.40) | 2.38 (0.87, 6.52) | 4.59 (1.00, 21.00) | 4.59 (1.00, 21.00) |
| Relative DXA LBM /m2 | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 0.58 (0.23, 1.46) | 0.47 (0.17, 1.32) | 0.53 (0.15, 1.89) | 0.52 (0.12, 2.28) | 0.33 (0.12, 0.90) | 0.30 (0.11, 0.86) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.99) | 0.21 (0.04, 1.08) |
| DXA ALM | ||||||||
| Relative DXA ALM/kg | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 2.73 (1.06, 7.05) | 4.20 (1.39, 12.67) | 4.15 (1.10, 15.68) | 2.71 (0.66, 11.15) | 2.37 (0.88, 6.4) | 2.64 (0.95, 7.36) | 2.80 (0.75, 10.50) | 2.03 (0.49, 8.53) |
| Relative DXA ALM/BMI | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 1.12 (0.45, 2.79) | 1.24 (0.46, 3.39) | 0.97 (0.29, 3.21) | 0.79 (0.21, 2.98) | 1.13 (0.43, 2.96) | 1.15 (0.43, 3.06) | 0.91 (0.25, 3.32) | 0.74 (0.19, 2.97) |
| Relative DXA ALM /m2 | ||||||||
| Low (n = 37) | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- | -ref- |
| High (n = 37) | 0.90 (0.36, 2.24) | 0.62 (0.22, 1.72) | 0.76 (0.20, 2.86) | 0.71 (0.15, 3.78) | 0.42 (0.16, 1.14) | 0.34 (0.12, 0.97) | 0.20 (0.04, 0.96) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.94) |
Notes: ALM = appendicular lean mass; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; D3Cr = D3-creatine; DXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LBM = lean body mass; LDL = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR = odds ratio; SPPB = short physical performance battery.
*SPPB used as a dichotomous outcome, comparing individuals with SPPB score 0–9 with 10–12.
+ RAND-36 used as a dichotomous outcome, comparing individuals with RAND-36 score 0–77 with >78.
†Crude model.
‡Adjusted for age (continuous).
§Adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity (non-White and White), HbA1c (<5.7% and ≥5.7%), hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg), triglyceride (<150 and ≥150 mg/dL), total cholesterol (<200 and ≥200 mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (<60 and ≥60 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (<130 and ≥130 mg/dL).
||Further adjusted for physical activity (continuous).