Figure 5.

(A) Interaction models between endotoxin and dimethylamine with hydroxyl group at β-site. The broken lines indicate hydrogen bonds. Reproduced with permission of Elsevier (Zhi et al., 2005). (B) Chemical structure, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy of allantoin. Blue arrows indicate endotoxin. Reproduced with permission of American Chemical Society (Vagenende et al., 2013). (C) Schematic illustration for interaction between boronic acid and endotoxin. Reproduced with permission of Elsevier (Ji et al., 2019).