Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study participants. Data are presented as mean ± SD or numbers (percentages).

Number of patients	50
Age, years	53.5 ± 8.2
Female, n (%)	26 (52.0)
BMI, kg/m2	25.6 ± 3.4
Duration of diabetes, years	6.8 ± 4.6
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl	153.8 ± 40.9
HbA1c, %	8.4 ± 1.2
HOMA-IR	3.7 ± 2.9
HOMA-β	45.1 ± 40.8
Parameters from continuous glucose monitoring
Mean glucose level, mg/dl	174.3 ± 43.8
Percentage of time in glucose range >180 mg/dl, %	37.9 ± 28.6
Percentage of time in glucose range 70–180 mg/dl, %	61.5 ± 28.2
Percentage of time in glucose range <70 mg/dl, %	0.6 ± 1.6
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, mg/dl	105.3 ± 39.3
Prebreakfast glucose level, mg/dl	159.2 ± 40.6
Nocturnal nadir glucose level, mg/dl	123.9 ± 40.7
Dawn phenomenon, mg/dl	35.9 ± 17.9

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IR, insulin resistance; SD, standard deviation.