Table 3.
Treatment effects on glycemic parameters by treatment allocation. Data are presented as mean ± SD.
| Variable | Acarbose (n = 27) |
p | Glibenclamide (n = 23) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After treatment | Baseline | After treatment | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl | 146.9 ± 23.7 | 132.1 ± 22.3 | 0.012 | 161.9 ± 54.1 | 130.3 ± 38.1 | <0.001 |
| Change from baseline | −14.8 ± 28.6 | −31.6 ± 36.2 | 0.202** | |||
| HbA1c, % | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Change from baseline | −0.7 ± 0.7 | −1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.025** | |||
| Parameters from CGM | ||||||
| Mean glucose level, mg/dl | 165.0 ± 29.6 | 139.4 ± 24.8 | 0.001 | 185.2 ± 54.7 | 148.9 ± 35.6 | <0.001 |
| Change from baseline | −25.5 ± 34.4 | −36.3 ± 42.1 | 0.514** | |||
| % of time in glucose range >180 mg/dl | 32.0 ± 22.9 | 14.9 ± 19.6 | 0.006 | 44.8 ± 33.4 | 25.7 ± 22.3* | 0.002 |
| Change from baseline | −17.1 ± 29.5 | −19.0 ± 26.1 | 0.763** | |||
| % of time in glucose range 70–180 mg/dl | 67.6 ± 22.7 | 83.0 ± 19.4 | 0.013 | 54.3 ± 32.6 | 69.7 ± 21.1* | 0.009 |
| Change from baseline | 15.4 ± 30.1 | 15.4 ± 25.8 | 0.633** | |||
| % of time in glucose range < 70 mg/dl | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 4.8 | 0.074 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 6.5 | 0.007 |
| Change from baseline | 1.7 ± 4.8 | 3.7 ± 5.9 | 0.266** | |||
| MAGE, mg/dl | 100.4 ± 27.8 | 71.4 ± 25.2 | <0.001 | 111.0 ± 49.7 | 113.0 ± 42.0* | 0.821 |
| Change from baseline | −29.0 ± 36.5 | 2.0 ± 42.7 | 0.007** | |||
| CGM standard deviation, mg/dl | 39.7 ± 9.6 | 29.3 ± 10.4 | <0.001 | 45.3 ± 17.5 | 47.5 ± 17.6* | 0.497 |
| Change from baseline | −10.4 ± 12.6 | 2.2 ± 15.1 | 0.001** | |||
| CGM coefficient of variation, % | 24.2 ± 4.9 | 21.3 ± 7.8 | 0.088 | 25.3 ± 10.1 | 32.0 ± 10.0* | 0.003 |
| Change from baseline | −2.9 ± 8.4 | 6.7 ± 9.4 | <0.001** | |||
| Prebreakfast glucose level, mg/dl | 153.9 ± 35.5 | 136.6 ± 25.4 | 0.017 | 165.3 ± 45.9 | 128.7 ± 36.3 | <0.001 |
| Change from baseline | −17.3 ± 35.3 | −36.7 ± 34.0 | 0.027** | |||
| Nocturnal nadir glucose level, mg/dl | 118.7 ± 33.0 | 108.9 ± 30.4 | 0.265 | 130.0 ± 48.2 | 94.9 ± 32.6 | <0.001 |
| Change from baseline | −9.8 ± 44.5 | −35.2 ± 33.1 | 0.007** | |||
| Dawn phenomenon, mg/dl | 35.9 ± 15.7 | 28.3 ± 16.5 | 0.037 | 35.9 ± 20.6 | 34.6 ± 17.0 | 0.776 |
| Change from baseline | −7.5 ± 17.8 | −1.3 ± 21.8 | 0.104** | |||
*
p < 0.05 versus the Acarbose group, **p value compared with changes from baseline in the Acarbose group.
CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; SD, standard deviation.