Table 3.
Review of reported cases of juvenile dermatomyositis patients presenting with anasarca from 2001 to 2021
| Authors | Age | Sex | Pertinent medical history | Muscle weakness | Rash | Studies that supported diagnosis | Major complications | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mehndiratta et al | 8 yo | F | Progressive deformity of elbows and knees | + | – | Elevated muscle enzymes, muscle biopsy, EMG | Mucosal ulcerations, dysphagia, GI bleed | Prednisolone | Death due to septicemia and DIC |
| Saygi et al | 4 yo | M | Similar episode 6 months prior, resolved spontaneously; recent URI | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG, MRI | – | Prednisolone, methotrexate | Improvement in symptoms |
| Jimenez et al | 13 yo | F | Previously healthy | + | – | Elevated muscle enzymes, muscle biopsy, EMG | – | IVMP, prednisolone, IVIG, cyclophosphamide, chloroquine, methotrexate | Improvement in symptoms |
| Wakhlu et al | 3.5 yo | M | Previously healthy | + | – | Elevated muscle enzymes, muscle biopsy | – | Prednisolone, methotrexate | Improvement in symptoms |
| Sharma et al | 8 yo | M | Previously healthy | + | – | Elevated muscle enzymes, MRI | – | IVMP, prednisolone, methotrexate | Improvement in symptoms |
| Shelley et al | 8 yo | M | Previously healthy | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG, muscle biopsy, myositis antibodies (Jo-1 IgG, anti-Mi2) | Hypotension requiring ICU level care and catecholamine support (dopamine, norepinephrine) | IVMP, prednisolone, IVIG, azathioprine | Improvement in symptoms |
| Zedan et al | 3.5 yo | M | Recent URI | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG, MRI | – | IVMP, prednisolone, IVIG, azathioprine | Improvement in symptoms |
| Mitchell et al | 7 yo | F | Previously healthy | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, elevated factor VIII related antigen, EMGs, MRI | – | IVMP, prednisolone, methotrexate, IVIG, hydroxychloroquine | Improvement in symptoms |
| Karabiber et al | 14 yo | M | Previously healthy | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG, MRI | – | IVMP, prednisolone | Improvement in symptoms |
| Chandrakasan et al | 4 yo | M | Recent URI (parvovirus PCR positive) | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG, MRI | – | IVMP, prednisolone, methotrexate | Improvement in symptoms |
| Nickavar et al | 7 yo | M | Initially treated for nephrotic syndrome | + | + | Elevated muscle enzymes, EMG | Seizures, renal failure (creatinine 8, renal biopsy with FSGS), pulmonary edema requiring hemodialysis | IVMP, IVIG, plasmapheresis | Unknown |