TABLE 5.

Urbanization and household‐level DBM: sensitivity analysis

Exposures	Crude prevalence		Crude modela		Adjusted model 1a		Adjusted model 2a		Adjusted model 3a
	%	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI
Urban–rural dichotomy
Rural	14.5	14‐15.1	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Urban	6.4	6.1‐6.7	0.44	0.41‐0.47	0.68	0.63‐0.73	0.53	0.49‐0.57	0.70	0.65‐0.75
Four‐categories definition
Countryside	14.5	14‐15.1	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Town	8.6	8.0‐9.3	0.59	0.54‐0.65	0.82	0.75‐0.89	0.59	0.54‐0.64	0.75	0.69‐0.82
Small city	7.1	6.6‐7.6	0.49	0.45‐0.53	0.73	0.67‐0.79	0.55	0.51‐0.60	0.73	0.67‐0.79
Capital, large city	4.0	3.5‐4.5	0.27	0.24‐0.31	0.44	0.38‐0.51	0.41	0.35‐0.47	0.53	0.46‐0.61
N (unweighted)			92,841		92,840		90,684		90,683

Model 1 adjusted by urbanization level, child sex and age, mother’s age and highest educational attainment, and survey year.

Model 2 adjusted by urbanization level, socioeconomic status, altitude, and survey year.

Model 3 adjusted by urbanization level, child sex and age, mother’s age and highest educational attainment, socioeconomic status, altitude, and survey year.

Abbreviations: DBM, double burden of malnutrition; N , number of observations included in the model; PR, prevalence ratio; Ref., reference.

^a Poisson log generalized linear models, accounting for the complex survey design. Estimates with p < 0.05 shown in bold.