TABLE 1.
Table summarizing the infra‐familial classification of Sapindaceae. This table includes previous infra‐familial classifications (Radlkofer, 1931‐1934 and Buerki et al., 2009) as well as the updated classification proposed in this study.
| Clade | Radlkofer (1931–1934) | Buerki et al. (2009, 2011b) | Subfamily (this study) | Tribe (this study) | No. genera | Genera (no. of species) | No. species | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harpullieae (1) | Xanthoceratoideae (1) | Xanthoceratoideae | NA | 1 | Xanthoceras (1) | 1 | N‐NE China, Korea |
| 2 | Not included (2) | Hippocastanoideae (2) | Hippocastanoideae | Acereae | 2 | Acer (111), Dipteronia (2) | 113 | Northern temperate regions and tropical mountains |
| 3 | Not included (3) | Hippocastanoideae (2), not included (1) | Hippocastanoideae | Hippocastaneae | 3 | Aesculus (13), Billia (2), Handeliodendron (1) | 16 | Europe, North and South America, Asia |
| 4 | Doratoxyleae (6), Harpullieae (1) | Doratoxylon (5), not included (2) | Dodonaeoideae | Doratoxyleae | 7 | Doratoxylon (5), Exothea (3), Filicium (3), Ganophyllum (1), Hippobromus (1), Hypelate (1), Zanha (4) | 18 | North America (Florida), Central America (incl. = West Indies), Africa, Madagascar (incl. Comoro Islands), the Mascarenes, India, and all the way to Australia and the Pacific Islands |
| 5 | Harpullieae (5), Dodonaeeae (4), Cossinieae (2), Cupanieae (2), Doratoxyleae (2), Koelreuterieae (1), Not included (1) | Dodonaea (12), not included (4), Macphersonia (1) | Dodonaeoideae | Dodonaeaeae | 16 | Arfeuillea (1), Averrhoidium (2), Boniodendron (Sinoradlkofera) (2), Conchopetalum (2), Cossinia (4), Diplokeleba (2), Diplopeltis (5), Dodonaea (71), Euchorium (1), Euphorianthus (1), Harpullia (26), Hirania (1), Llagunoa (3), Loxodiscus (1), Magonia (1), Majidea (3) | 126 | Paleotropical |
| 6 | Harpullieae (2) | Delavaya (2) | Sapindoideae | Ungnadieae | 2 | Delavaya (1), Ungnadia (1) | 2 | North America, SW China, N Vietnam |
| 7 | Koelreuterieae (3) | Koelreuteria (2), not included (1) | Sapindoideae | Koelreuterieae | 3 | Erythrophysa (9), Koelreuteria (3), Stocksia (1) | 13 | Africa and Madagascar, South China, Japan, East Iran, Afghanistan |
| 8 | Cupanieae (5), Schleichereae (1) | Not included (3), Schleichera (3) | Sapindoideae | Schleicheraeae | 6 | Amesiodendron (1), Paranephelium (4), Pavieasia (3), Phyllotrichum (1), Schleichera (1), Sisyrolepis (1) | 11 | Southeast Asia |
| 9 | Nephelieae (8), Lepisantheae (5), Cupanieae (4) | Litchi (12), not included (5) | Sapindoideae | Nephelieae | 16 | Aporrhiza (6), Blighia (4), Chytranthus (30), Cubilia (1), Dimocarpus (4), Glenniea (8), Haplocoelopsis (1), Laccodiscus (4), Litchi (1), Nephelium (22), Otonephelium (1), Pancovia (13), Placodiscus (15), Pometia (2), Radlkofera (1), Xerospermum (2) | 116 | Tropical |
| 10 | Sapindeae (6), Cupanieae (2), Lepisantheae (2), Melicocceae (1), Not included (1) | Litchi (7), not included (5) | Sapindoideae | Sapindeae | 12 | Alatococcus (1), Atalaya (12), Deinbollia (40), Eriocoelum (10), Hornea (1), Lepisanthes (24), Pseudima (3), Sapindus (13), Thouinidium (7), Toulicia (14), Tristira (1), Zollingeria (3) | 129 | Tropical |
| 11 | Melicocceae (1) | Tristiropsis (1) | Sapindoideae | Tristiropsidis | 1 | Tristiropsis (3) | 3 | Malesia, Australia, Pacific islands |
| 12 | Cupanieae (1), Schleichereae (1) | Blomia (1), not included (1) | Sapindoideae | Haplocoeleae | 2 | Blighiopsis (2), Haplocoelum (5) | 7 | Tropical Africa |
| 13 | Cupanieae (2), Melicocceae (2) | Melicoccus (3), not included (1) | Sapindoideae | Melicocceae | 4 | Dilodendron (1), Melicoccus (10), Talisia (52), Tripterodendron (1) | 64 | Tropical America |
| 14 | Cupanieae (1) | Blomia (1) | Sapindoideae | Blomieae | 1 | Blomia (1) | 1 | Mexico, Guatemala, Belize |
| 15 | Thouinieae (1) | Paullinia (1) | Sapindoideae | Guindilieae | 1 | Guindilia (3) | 3 | South America |
| 16 | Thouinieae (2) | Paullinia (2) | Sapindoideae | Athyaneae | 2 | Athyana (1), Diatenopteryx (2) | 3 | South America |
| 17 | Thouinieae (1) | Paullinia (1) | Sapindoideae | Bridgesieae | 1 | Bridgesia (1) | 1 | Chile |
| 18 | Not included (1), Paullinieae (1), Thouinieae (1) | Paullinia (2), not included (1) | Sapindoideae | Thouinieae | 3 | Allophylastrum (1), Allophylus (250), Thouinia (28) | 279 | Pantropical |
| 19 | Paullinieae (7) | Paullinia (4), not included (3) | Sapindoideae | Paullinieae | 7 | Cardiospermum (12), Lophostigma (2), Paullinia (200), Serjania (230), Thinouia (9), Urvillea (14) | 467 | Pantropical |
| 20 | Not included (4), Schleichereae (4), Nephelieae (2) | Macphersonia (8), Koelreuteria (1), Not included (1) | Sapindoideae | Stadmanieae | 10 | Beguea (10), Camptolepis (4), Chouxia (6), Gereaua (1), Macphersonia (8), Pappea (1), Plagioscyphus (10), Pseudopteris (3), Stadmania (6), Tsingya (1) | 50 | Madagascar (incl. Comoro Islands), the Mascarenes, Seychelles Islands (Aldabra atoll), tropical Africa |
| 21 | Cupanieae (27), Nephelieae (2), Not included (2), Harpullieae (1), Melicocceae (1), Schleichereae (1) | Cupania (28), Not included (3), Litchi (2), Dodonaea (1) | Sapindoideae | Cupanieae | 34 | Alectryon (30), Arytera (17), Castanospora (1), Cnesmocarpon (4), Cupania (45), Cupaniopsis (43), Dictyoneura (3), Diploglottis (12), Elattostachys (20), Eurycorymbus (1), Gongrodiscus (3), Guioa (65), Jagera (2), Lecaniodiscus (3), Lepiderema (8), Lepidocupania (21), Lepidopetalum (7), Matayba (56), Mischarytera (3), Mischocarpus (15), Molinaea (9), Neoarytera (4), Pentascyphus (1), Podonephelium (9), Rhysotoechia (14), Sarcopteryx (12), Sarcotoechia (11), Scyphonychium (1), Storthocalyx (5), Synima (4), Tina (20), Toechima (7), Trigonachras (8), Vouarana (1) | 463 | Pantropical |
| Un‐placed | Cupanieae (2), Lepisantheae (2), Not included (2), Nephelieae (1), Sapindeae (1) | Not included (7), Koelreuteria (1) | Sapindoideae | Incertae sedis | 9 | Bizonula (1), Chonopetalum (1), Gloeocarpus (1), Gongrospermum (1), Lychnodiscus (7), Namataea (1), Porocystis (2), Pseudopancovia (1), Smelophyllum (1) | 15 | Africa, South America, Phillipines |