Table 3.
Analysis of variance of the three groups of participants regarding free-time activities, life satisfaction, mental health, parent-child relationship and self-control
| Non-gamers | Low risk gamers | High risk gamers | ANOVA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | Post hoc | |
| Free-time activities | ||||||
| Time spent with friends | 3.94 (0.95) | 3.84 (0.92) | 3.78 (1.32) | 1.126 | 0.325 | |
| Watch TV | 2.96 (1.06) | 3.10 (0.96) | 3.39 (1.13) | 3.792 | 0.023 | |
| Play video games on computer/tablet/phone | 1.02 (0.72) | 3.12 (1.08) | 4.27 (0.87) | 112.456 | < 0.001 | c > b > a |
| Engage in social media | 3.30 (1.34) | 3.25 (1.25) | 3.69 (1.38) | 2.620 | 0.073 | |
| Read books | 2.50 (1.39) | 2.38 (1.12) | 2.03 (1.19) | 3.134 | 0.044 | |
| Attend a music school or a choir | 2.19 (1.67) | 1.78 (1.39) | 2.10 (1.62) | 6.603 | 0.001 | a > b |
| Sports activities | 3.61 (1.30) | 3.80 (1.19) | 3.80 (1.20) | 1.863 | 0.156 | |
| Perceived life satisfaction | 7.69 (2.25) | 8.07 (1.99) | 7.29 (3.07) | 4.842 | 0.008 | |
| Perceived mental health | 3.76 (1.11) | 3.94 (1.04) | 3.71 (1.55) | 2.774 | 0.063 | |
| Parent-child relationship: My parents | ||||||
| sum of all parent-child items | 15.56 (3.81) | 15.63 (3.46) | 14.07 (4.39) | 4.199 | 0.015 | |
| and I try to spend much time together | 3.75 (1.09) | 3.81 (1.02) | 3.49 (1.33) | 2.244 | 0.107 | |
| always treat me with love and affection | 3.61 (1.17) | 3.64 (1.16) | 3.29 (1.29) | 1.949 | 0.143 | |
| and I have frequent conversations | 4.07 (1.05) | 3.98 (1.01) | 3.60 (1.37) | 3.796 | 0.023 | |
| and I understand each other well | 4.11 (1.05) | 4.21 (0.99) | 3.72 (1.32) | 5.648 | 0.004 | b > c |
| Overall self-control level | 18.25 (6.15) | 18.56 (5.94) | 25.49 (8.33) | 28.496 | < 0.001 | a > c, b > c |
Scales: free-time activities from 1(‘never’) to 5 (‘almost always/always’); perceived life satisfaction from 1 (‘completely dissatisfied’) to 10 (‘totally satisfied’); perceived mental health from 1 (‘bad’) to 5 (‘excellent’); parent-child relationship from 1 (‘very untrue’) to 5 (‘very true’): higher value means more favourable relationship and self-control as a sum of seven self-control variables reversed ranging from 7 (strong self control) to 35 (lowest possible self control)
a: Non gamers; b: Low risk gamers; c: High risk gamers; Post hoc: Games-Howell