Table 1.
Chemicals detected in passive samplers from Great Lakes tributaries that were identified to have potential for ecological hazard by exposure–activity ratios from ToxCast endpoints as individual chemicals or as components of chemical mixtures or by toxicity quotients from ECOTOX endpoints as individual chemicals
| Number of sites exceeding | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAR or TQ threshold | ||||||
| Sites | ToxCast | ECOTOX | ||||
| Chemical use class | Chemical name | Monitored | Individual | Mixtures | Group 1 | Group 2 |
| Detergent metabolites | p‐tert‐Octylphenol | 69 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| Fire retardant | TBEP | 69 | 18 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Fire retardant | TCPP | 69 | 19 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Fire retardant | TDCPP | 69 | 19 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
| Fire retardant | Tributyl phosphate | 69 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Flavor/fragrance | Galaxolide (HHCB) | 69 | — | — | 1 | 34 |
| Food Additive/plasticizer | Triethyl citrate | 69 | 0 | 7 | — | — |
| Herbicide | Atrazine | 69 | 27 | 23 | 39 | 39 |
| Insecticide | DEET | 69 | 6 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| OC pesticides | Chlorpyrifos | 69 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 24 |
| OC pesticides | Dieldrin | 69 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| OC pesticides | p,p′‐DDE | 69 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| PAHs | Benz[a]anthracene | 69 | 1 | 15 | 0 | — |
| PAHs | Benzo[b]fluoranthene | 69 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
| PAHs | Benzo[k]fluoranthene | 69 | 19 | 17 | 0 | — |
| PAHs | Indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene | 69 | 16 | 15 | — | — |
| PAHs | Pyrene | 69 | 1 | 1 | 29 | 0 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Caffeine | 69 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Carbamazepine | 69 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 28 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Tramadol | 36 | — | — | 10 | 10 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Venlafaxine | 69 | — | — | 11 | 11 |
| Plasticizer | DEHP | 69 | 26 | 10 | 38 | 38 |
| WW | dl‐Menthol | 69 | 9 | 9 | 0 | — |
EAR = exposure–activity ratio; TQ = toxicity quotient; OC = organochlorine; PAH = polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; TBEP = tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate; TCPP = tris(2‐chloroisopropyl)phosphate; TDCPP = tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate; HHCB = 1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐4,6,6,7,8,8‐hexamethylcyclopenta [g]‐2‐benzopyran; DEET = N,N‐diethyltoluamide; DDE = dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DEHP = di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate; WW = wastewater.