TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified according to the diabetic status
| Total | NGL | Prediabetes | Diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 405,487 | N = 265,708 (65.5%) | N = 116,951 (28.8%) | N = 22,828 (5.6%) | |
| Man (%) | 61.9 | 54.2 | 75.6 | 82.2 |
| Age (years) | 50 (43–57) | 48 (42–55) | 53 (46–59) | 57 (51–63) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (20.6–24.9) | 22.0 (20.1–24.1) | 23.6 (21.7–25.9) | 25.0 (22.7–27.8) |
| WC (cm) | 81.6 (75.5–87.7) | 79.8 (74.0–85.5) | 84.5 (79.2–90.2) | 88.3 (82.5–95.2) |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.28 (4.94–5.72) | 5.06 (4.83–5.28) | 5.83 (5.67–6.11) | 7.50 (7.00–8.44) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 37 (34–39) | 36 (33–38) | 38 (36–41) | 51 (45–57) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 6.8 (6.3–7.4) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117 (106–128) | 114 (104–125) | 122 (112–133) | 126 (116–137) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74 (66–82) | 71 (64–80) | 78 (70–85) | 79 (71–86) |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 13.8 | 8.9 | 19.6 | 40.6 |
| Prevalence of hypertension (%) | 24.2 | 17.1 | 34.6 | 54.0 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.01 (0.71–1.46) | 0.92 (0.66–1.32) | 1.18 (0.84–1.69) | 1.30 (0.90–1.90) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.58 (1.32–1.89) | 1.63 (1.37–1.94) | 1.50 (1.27–1.81) | 1.37 (1.17–1.66) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.16 (2.64–3.68) | 3.11 (2.59–3.63) | 3.26 (2.77–3.81) | 3.08 (2.56–3.60) |
| Lipid‐lowering medication (%) | 10.0 | 6.8 | 12.6 | 34.2 |
| Prevalence of dyslipidaemia (%) | 46.1 | 39.6 | 56.4 | 68.8 |
| eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 77.3 (69.9–86.1) | 77.8 (71.4–86.7) | 76.0 (69.0–84.6) | 77.8 (69.8–87.6) |
| Past history of | ||||
| Cardiac disease (%) | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 5.7 |
| Stroke (%) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.5 |
| Current smokers (%) | 21.8 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 26.2 |
Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; NGL, normal glucose level; WC, waist circumference.