TABLE 1.

Results of species‐level generalised mixed models with Bayesian estimation (MCMCglmms), modelling naturalisation incidence (1–3) and naturalisation extent (4–6), for 2350 flowering plant taxa and invasiveness (7–9) for 1253 flowering plant taxa, based on seed bank data from the native range

Model	Posterior mean	Lower 95% C.I.	Upper 95% C.I.	p MCMC
Naturalisation models
1. Naturalisation incidence (n = 2350)
Seed bank type (Persistent)	1.217	0.591	2.114	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	1.088	0.307	2.11	<0.001
Life form (Woody)	−1.076	−2.276	−0.202	0.005
2. Naturalisation incidence (n = 2350)
Mean seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	0.748	0.332	1.48	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	1.064	0.321	2.245	<0.001
Life form (Woody)	−1.296	−1.297	−0.304	<0.001
3. Naturalisation incidence (n = 2350)
Maximum seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	1.006	0.617	1.766	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	0.913	0.278	1.605	<0.001
Life form (Woody)	−1.006	−1.974	−0.268	0.004
4. Naturalisation extent (n = 2350)
Seed bank type (Persistent)	0.962	0.813	1.085	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	0.518	0.349	0.68	<0.001
5. Naturalisation extent (n = 2350)
Mean seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	0.152	0.241	0.374	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	0.538	0.316	0.702	<0.001
6. Naturalisation extent (n = 2350)
Maximum seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	0.214	0.186	0.24	<0.001
Life form (Annual)	0.511	0.341	0.679	<0.001
Invasion models
7. Invasiveness (n = 1253)
Seed bank type (Persistent)	0.923	0.117	2.39	0.004
8. Invasiveness (n = 1253)
Mean seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	0.889	0.043	2.052	0.002
9. Invasiveness (n = 1253)
Maximum seed bank density [log(x + 1)]	2.003	0.36	6.035	<0.001

Posterior mean values and credible intervals (CI) are presented. Only explanatory variable exerting significant effects are presented in the models. Reconstructed phylogeny and species identity were included in the models as random factors (Table S1).