TABLE 4.
Clinical characteristics of the new onset refractory SE of unknown etiology without fever cases
| Characteristic | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 10 | 2 | 10 | 13 | 2 |
| Gender | Male | Female | Male | Male | Female |
| Comorbidities | – | – | – | Hearing loss | – |
| Prodromal symptoms | – | – | – | – | URTI |
| Fever at status epilepticus onset | NA | No | No | No | No |
| Epileptiform EEG | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Seizures | – | – | |||
| Periodic discharges | – | – | |||
| Sporadic epileptiform discharges | Lateralized | Multifocal | |||
| MRI | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | None | None |
| T2/FLAIR hyperintensity | Left hippocampus | Left hippocampus | Right thalamus | ||
| Abnormal CSF | Yes | None | No | No | None |
| Elevated protein level | Yes, 72 mg/dl | ||||
| Elevated white cell count | No, 4/mm3 | ||||
| ASMs | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Continuous infusion | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ketogenic diet | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Immunotherapies | 1, steroids | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ICU duration, days | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 4 | 1 |
| SE duration, h | 24 | NA | 15 | 9 | 6 |
| Convulsive time, min | 120 | 1320 | 150 | 177 | 90 |
| Complications | No | No | No | Yes, hypotension | No |
| Good outcome | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Abbreviations: ASM, antiseizure medication; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EEG, electroencephalogram; FLAIR, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery; ICU, intensive care unit; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not available; SE, status epilepticus; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.