TABLE B1.
(a) CASP quality appraisal of case‐control studies; questionsa and results (2 = yes, 1 = can't tell, 0 = no) for included papers, maximum score = 18 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Q1 Did the study address a clearly focused issue? | Q2 Did the authors use an appropriate method to answer their question? | Q3 Were the cases recruited in an acceptable way? | Q4 Were the controls selected in an acceptable way? | Q5 Was the exposure accurately measured to minimize bias? | Q6(b) Have the authors taken account of the potential confounding factors in the design and/or in their analysis? | Q9 Do you believe the results? | Q10 Can the results be applied to the local population? | Q11 Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? | Total, n (%) |
Baylis et al. (2008) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 (88.9) |
Collett et al. (2010) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 (88.9) |
Finnegan (1974) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 14 (77.8) |
Lemos and Feniman (2010) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 (88.9) |
Whitehill et al. (2003) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 (94.4) |
(b) CASP quality appraisal of cohort studies; questionsb and results (yes = 2, can't tell = 1, no = 0) for included papers, maximum score = 24 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Q1 Did the study address a clearly focused issue? | Q2 Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way? | Q3 Was the exposure accurately measured to minimize bias? | Q4 Was the outcome accurately measured to minimize bias? | Q5(a) Have the authors identified all important confounding factors? | Q5(b) Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis? | Q6(a) Was the follow‐up of subjects complete enough? | Q6(b) Was the follow‐up of subjects long enough? | Q9 Do you believe the results? | Q10 Can the results be applied to the local population? | Q11 Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? | Q12 What are the implications of this study for practice? | Total, n (%) |
Anderson et al. (2016) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20 (83.3) |
Note: aQuestions 6a, 7 and 8 are not included in the results as related to intervention studies specifically: Q6(a): Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally?, Q7: How large was the treatment effect? and Q8: How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect?
Note: bQuestions 7 and 8 are not included in results as no numeric score applied to these items (Q7: What are the results of this study? and Q8: How precise are the results?).