Table II.
Optum cohort demographics and healthcare utilization
| Asian | Black | Hispanic | White | ANCOVA/χ2 test P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Patients, n (% of total cohort) | 442 (3%) | 2813 (20%) | 1593 (12%) | 8315 (60%) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 164 (37.1%) | 620 (22%) | 409 (25.7%) | 2289 (27.5%) | <.001‡ |
| Female | 278 (62.9%) | 2193 (78%) | 1184 (74.3%) | 6026 (72.5%) | |
| Current age mean (SD) | 40.3 (14.4) | 47.7 (16.7) | 42.6 (16.7) | 47.7 (17.2) | <.001‡ |
| Age at presentation mean (SD) | 35.6 (14.3) | 43.1 (16.7) | 38.1 (16.7) | 43.2 (17.2) | <.001‡ |
| Total years of enrolment Mean (SD) | 6.6 (3.4) | 6.8 (3.5) | 6.9 (3.5) | 6.9 (3.4) | .053∗ |
| Education | |||||
| Less than 12th grade | <11§ | <11§ | >30ǁ | 15 (0.2%) | <.001‡ |
| High school diploma | 60 (13.6%) | 1264 (44.9%) | 603 (37.9%) | 2035 (24.5%) | |
| Less than bachelor's degree | 216 (48.9%) | 1391 (49.4%) | 789 (49.5%) | 4882 (58.7%) | |
| Bachelor's degree plus | 165 (37.3%) | 147 (5.2%) | 161 (10.1%) | 1348 (16.2%) | |
| Unknown | <11§ | <11§ | <11§ | 35 (0.4%) | |
| Household income | |||||
| <$40K | 57 (12.9%) | 1151 (40.9%) | 382 (24%) | 1628 (19.6%) | <.001‡ |
| $40K-49K | 28 (6.3%) | 245 (8.7%) | 149 (9.4%) | 530 (6.4%) | |
| $50K-59K | 20 (4.5%) | 211 (7.5%) | 127 (8%) | 560 (6.7%) | |
| $60K-$74K | 28 (6.3%) | 244 (8.7%) | 180 (11.3%) | 773 (9.3%) | |
| $75K-$99K | 36 (8.1%) | 257 (9.1%) | 182 (11.4%) | 1167 (14%) | |
| $100K+ | 168 (38%) | 260 (9.2%) | 280 (17.6%) | 2424 (29.2%) | |
| Unknown | 105 (23.8%) | 445 (15.8%) | 293 (18.4%) | 1233 (14.8%) | |
| Insurance type | |||||
| Commercial | 405 (91.6%) | 1951 (69.4%) | 1318 (82.7%) | 6402 (77%) | <.001‡ |
| Medicare | 37 (8.4%) | 862 (30.6%) | 275 (17.3%) | 1913 (23%) | |
| Healthcare utilization—outpatient visits | |||||
| Mean encounters (SD) | 4 (10.4) | 5.7 (16.8) | 4.5 (18.5) | 3.6 (9) | .004† |
| Healthcare utilization—emergency room visits | |||||
| Mean encounters (SD) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.6 (2.2) | 0.4 (1.6) | 0.3 (2.1) | .004† |
ANCOVA, Analysis of covariance; SD, standard deviation.
∗
P > .05.
†
P < .01.
‡
P < .001.
§
Due to Optum data reporting restrictions, values 10 or under are reported in the table above as “<11.”
ǁ
Exact value not reported in order to comply with Optum data reporting restrictions.