Table IV.
Psychosocial factors of the surveyed PWA and the non-PWA reference group
| Variable | PWA (N = 50) |
Non-PWA reference group (N = 99) |
X2-test (P value) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Feels accepted by family | 3.12 (.08) | |||
| Yes | 47 (94%) | 97 (99%) | ||
| No | 3 (6%) | 1 (1%) | ||
| Feels accepted by peers | 2.29 (.13) | |||
| Yes | 44 (88%) | 93 (94%) | ||
| No | 6 (12%) | 5 (5%) | ||
| Feels accepted by community | 34.50 (<.0001) | |||
| Yes | 27 (55%) | 93 (95%) | ||
| No | 22 (45%) | 5 (5%) | 15.16 (5.25-31.81) | |
| Frequency of facing discrimination∗ | 37.19 (<.0001) | |||
| Seldom | 23 (46%) | 87 (92%) | ||
| Frequently | 23 (46%) | 7 (7%) | 12.77 (5.12-31.81) | |
| Always | 4 (8%) | 1 (1%) | ||
| Amount of impact discrimination has on daily life | ||||
| No impact | 9 (18%) | 45 (50%) | 16.93 (.0002) | |
| Little to some impact | 22 (44%) | 32 (36%) | 4.56 (1.98-10.46) | |
| Moderate to major impact | 19 (38%) | 13 (14%) | ||
| Amount of impact stigma has on social interactions | ||||
| No impact | 17 (34%) | 48 (53%) | 6.42 (.04) | |
| Little to some impact | 20 (40%) | 31 (34%) | 2.21 (1.08-4.54) | |
| Moderate to major impact | 13 (26%) | 11 (12%) | ||
| Believes PWA are stigmatized by society in Botswana | 23.86 (<.001) | |||
| Yes | 45 (90%) | 48 (49%) | 9.37 (3.43-35.62) | |
| No | 5 (10%) | 50 (51%) | ||
| Has witnessed mistreatment of PWA | 18.98 (<.0001) | |||
| Yes | 37 (74%) | 35 (36%) | 5.04 (2.37-10.73) | |
| No | 13 (26%) | 62 (64%) | ||
| Believes PWA deserve equal employment opportunities | 1.37 (.24) | |||
| Yes | 47 (94%) | 87 (88%) | ||
| No | 3 (6%) | 12 (12%) | ||
| Believes PWA are disabled | 4.95 (.03) | |||
| Yes | 25 (50%) | 31 (31%) | 2.19 (1.09-4.41) | |
| No | 25 (50%) | 68 (68%) | ||
| Believes PWA deserve extra financial and social service support | 6.26 (.01) | |||
| Yes | 47 (94%) | 77 (78%) | 4.48 (1.27-15.77) | |
| No | 3 (6%) | 22 (22%) |
CI, Confidence interval; non-PWA, patients without albinism; PWA, people living with albinism.
∗
Scale: Seldom = performs task never to a few times a year; Frequently = performs task from a few days a week to a few times a month; Always = performs task every day.