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. 2021 Mar 11;3:26–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.01.002

Table III.

Summary of GRADE findings for retinoids

Outcomes Estimated effect Number of participants Certainty of the evidence Comments
Participant complete remission 10%-60% 127 (3 studies) Low Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: 21% (Breneman 2002)
Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: 10% (Heald 2003)
Stage IA, IB, IIA: 60% (Besner-Morin 2016)
Participant partial clearance/remission 0-44% 127 (3 studies) Low Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: 42% (Breneman 2002)
Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: 44% (Heald 2003)
Stage IA-IIA: 0% (Besner-Morin 2016)
Mean reduction in lesion counts/body surface area (BSA) from baseline to assessment See comments 69 (2 studies) Low BSA involvement mean change −22%; lesional area mean change −37% (Apisarnthanarax 2004)
BSA involvement median change
−4.5% at week 44 (Heald 2003)
Investigator/physician global assessment See comments 117 (2 studies) Low Stage IA, IB, IIA: CR 21%, Stage IA, IB, IIA: PR 42% (Breneman 2002)
Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: CR 2%, Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB: PR 42% (Heald 2003)
Stage IA, IB, IIA: CR 60%, Stage IA, IB, IIA: PR 0% (Besner-Morin 2016)
Participants global assessment Not estimable, lack of data. No studies addressed this outcome.
Quality of life >75% moderately or much improved by week 16 50 (1 study) Low Patients were asked to compare their general CTCL status on a 5-point scale: much, moderately worse, about the same, moderately, much better and at baseline and every 4 weeks until week 44 using the Spitzer questionnaire and CTCL-specific questionnaire (Heald 2003)
Adverse effect estimates See comments 146 (4 studies) Low Rash: 73%, pruritus: 33%, pain: 24%, headache: 6%, vesiculobullous rash: 6% (Breneman 2002)
94% of patients experienced at least 1 treatment-related adverse event including irritant dermatitis; low CD4 counts; high glucose; granulocytopenia (Heald 2003)
Skin irritation; erythema, burning, peeling: 84%, fissuring of palms and soles: 11%, transient nausea: 5%, allergic dermatitis: 5% (Apisarnthanarax 2004)
Mild treatment-related side effects: pruritus, burning, erythema, desquamation in 70% (Besner-Morin 2016)

BSA, Body surface area; GRADE, Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.