Table 3.

Patient factors associated with prescribed, consumed and unused opioids (adjusted models)*

Variable	Total MED prescribed (N=150)			Total MED consumed (N=138)			% of unused opioids (n=121)
	β (SE)	P value	95% CI	β (SE)	P value	95% CI	β (SE)	P value	95% CI
Age (increment per year)	−1.20 (0.43)	0.006†	−2.05 to 0.35	0.09 (0.66)	0.87	−1.06 to 1.25	−0.0004 (0.003)	0.88	−0.006 to 0.005
Gender
Male (reference)	Reference	Reference	Reference	0.00 (0.00)	Reference	Reference	0.00 (0.00)	Reference	Reference
Female	−29.31 (16.06)	0.07	−60.79 to 2.17	−20.39 (24.57)	0.41	−68.55 to 27.77	−0.07 (0.06)	0.22	−0.19 to 0.04
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white (reference)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Non-Hispanic black	26.80 (15.22)	0.08	−3.04 to 56.63	1.30 (20.84)	0.95	−39.55 to 42.15	0.02 (0.06)	0.77	−0.11 to 0.14
Hispanic	−21.86 (21.15)	0.30	−63.32 to 19.60	−16.00 (23.29)	0.49	−61.65 to 29.65	0.01 (0.09)	0.91	−0.16 to 0.18
Other	−37.91 (30.45)	0.22	−96.69 to 22.67	−12.60 (23.29)	0.66	−68.01 to 42.80	−0.20 (0.14)	0.15	−0.48 to 0.07
Pain
Pain severity (last 3 months)	5.49 (7.89)	0.49	−9.97 to 20.95	18.22 (5.81)	0.002†	6.84 to 29.60	−0.05 (0.02)	0.03‡	−0.09 to 0.005
Prior opioid prescription	30.82 (22.99)	0.18	−14.25 to 75.89	55.10 (25.37)	0.03‡	5.38 to 104.82	−0.19 (0.08)	0.03‡	−0.35 to 0.02
Substance use
High-risk alcohol use (AUDIT)	−20.77 (24.60)	0.40	−68.99 to 27.45	−17.60 (20.52)	0.39	−57.82 to 22.63	−0.09 (0.10)	0.39	−0.20 to 0.11
High-risk drug use (DUDIT)	15.88 (25.00)	0.52	−33.12 to 64.89	23.84 (21.75)	0.27	−18.79 to 66.48	−0.09 (0.05)	0.05‡	−0.19 to 0.002

Bold text is significant at at least α=0.05.

*All models adjusted for surgical subspecialty.

†Significant at α=0.01.

‡Significant at α=0.05.

AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DUDIT, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test; MED, morphine equivalent dose.