TABLE 3.
Antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-QS activity of garlic and its compounds.
| Source | Effect | References |
| AGE | Inhibits coagulase of S. aureus | Fletcher et al., 1974 |
| Garlic oil | Inhibits production of toxin by C. botulinum | Jc et al., 1979 |
| Garlic ointment | Inhibits formation of biofilm formed by bacterial cells | Nidadavolu et al., 2012 |
| DAS | Inhibits EPS formation in biofilm of C. jejuni cells | Lu et al., 2012 |
| Water and toluene extract of Garlic | Inhibits biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa | Rasmussen et al., 2005 |
| Garlic extract | Inhibits biofilm and QS complex in P. aeruginosa | Bjarnsholt et al., 2005 |
| Garlic extract | Inhibits QS receptors in bacterial cell | Bodini et al., 2009 |
| Ajoene as QSI | Inhibits biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa | Jakobsen et al., 2012 |
| Ajoene and 25 disulfide bond-containing compounds | Reduces QS caused infection by P. aeruginosa | Fong et al., 2017 |
| Ajoene in combination with Ciprofloxacin | Reduce biofilm related diseases caused by P. aeruginosa | Vadekeetil et al., 2016 |
| Allicin | Reduce EPS and virulence factor of P. aeruginosa | Lihua et al., 2013 |
| Ajoene | Inhibits Pseudomonas quinolone signal | Vadekeetil et al., 2015 |
| DADS | Reduce biofilm related QS and virulent gene of P. aeruginosa | Li et al., 2018a |
| DADS | Inhibits QS, virulent factors, motility, and chemotaxis of P. aeruginosa | Li et al., 2018b |
| Allicin and AGE | Inhibits group A streptococci cytolytic toxin and streptolysin O | Arzanlou and Bohlooli, 2010 |
| DMS | Inhibits downregulation of HilA gene present in Salmonella invasion | Antunes et al., 2010 |
| Allicin | Inhibits protease activity of SepB | Arzanlou, 2016 |
| Allicin | Reduction in production of Alpha toxin of MRSA and MSSA | Leng et al., 2011 |
| Allicin and vancomycin | Reduction biofilm formed by S. epidermidis | Zhai et al., 2014 |
| Allicin | Reduce thickness of biofilm formed by S. epidermidis and down regulate the gene expression | Wu X. et al., 2015 |
| Allicin | Inhibits biofilm formed by S. aureus | Perez-Kohler et al., 2015a |
| Allicin and chlorhexidine | Inhibits biofilm formation by S. aureus-infected rabbit hernia model | Perez-Kohler et al., 2015b |
| FGE | Inhibits biofilm formation of clinical isolates | Farrag et al., 2019 |