Table 4.

Differences between serum Cer concentrations [nmol/ml] and sphingosine-1 phosphate [pmol/ml] in psoriatic patients with ALT serum concentration within normal range and with ALT above the limit and control group. Data are shown as median and quartiles (Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile). Significant differences between the psoriatic patients and the control group are shown as: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Ceramide	Psoriasis normal ALT (n = 73)	Psoriasis ALT above the limit (n = 12)	Control (n = 32)
Cer myristic (C14:0)	1.4 (1.1–3.9)* p = 0.015	1.4 (0.9–1.9)* p = 0.024	3.6 (1.2–5.0)
Cer. palmitic (C16:0)	8.0 (6.5–9.6)	8.3 (6.2–10.8)	7.9 (7.0–9.1)
Cer palmitoleic (C16:1)	0.7 (0.6–1.1)	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Cer stearic (C18:0)	6.6 (5.5–7.7)	6.9 (5.6–8.5)	5.6 (4.7–7.5)
Cer oleic (C18:1n9)	1.8 (1.7–2.1)** p = 0.005	2.1 (1.8–2.4)	2.1 (1.8–2.4)
Cer linoleic (C18:2)	0.1 (0.0–0.4)	0 (0–0.2)	0.2 (0.0–0.5)
Cer arachidic (C20:0)	0.4 (0.4–0.5)	0.4 (0.3–0.6)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)
Cer α-linolenic (C18:3)	0.18 (0.16–0.22)* p = 0.024	0.19 (0.15–0.22)	0.2 (0.2–0.3)
Cer behenic (C22:0)	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	1.4 (1.2–2.2)	1.3 (1.1–1.4)
Cer arachidonic (C20:4)	0.3 (0.3–0.4)** p = 0.006	0.3 (0.1–0.5)	0.4 (0.3–0.5)
Cer lignoceric (C24:0)	2.9 (2.5–3.4)*** p = 0.001	3.1 (3–3.4)	3.5 (3.2–3.9)
Cer eicosapentaenoic (C20:5)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)*** p = 0.001	0.0 (0.0–0.3)	0.6 (0–0.7)
Cer nervonic (C24:1)	2.0 (1.9–2.2)	2.1 (2.0–3.1)	2.0 (1.9–2.2)
Cer docosahexaenoic (C22:6)	0.5 (0.0–0.5)*** p < 0.001	0.5 (0.0–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
Total Cer	27.4 (22.8–32.2)* p = 0.035	27.6 (23.6–35.6)	32.4 (26.5–34.0)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate	508.0 (438.4–556.7)* p = 0.017	533.7 (473.9–567.4)* p = 0.025	445.5 (424.7–473.8)