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. 2021 Jul 30;12:645595. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.645595

TABLE 2.

Frequencies for categorical variables in the whole cohort.

Categorical variables Female Male
Gender 47 (67.1%) 23 (32.9%)
0/“never”/condition not present 1/“ever”/condition present
IUGR 43 (61.4%) 27 (38.6%)
Postnatal growth failure 37 (52.9%) 33 (47.1%)
Microcephaly 11 (15.7%) 59 (84.3%)
Facial asymmetry 61 (87.1%) 99 (12.9%)
Round face 38 (54.3%) 32 (45.7%)
Enlarged face 47 (67.1%) 23 (32.9%)
Hearing problems 40 (57.1%) 30 (42.9%)
Ear alterations 32 (45.7%) 38 (54.3%)
Epicanthus 37 (52.9%) 33 (47.1%)
Ophtalmic anomalies 38 (54.3%) 32 (45.7%)
Prominent superciliary arches 65 (92.9%) 5 (7.1%)
Downslanted palpebral fissures 56 (80.0%) 14 (20.0%)
Hypertelorism 29 (41.4%) 41 (58.6%)
Palpebral fissures size anomalies 64 (91.4%) 6 (8.6%)
Nasal defects 56 (80.0%) 14 (20.0%)
Narrow nasal bridge 26 (37.1%) 44 (62.9%)
Short philtrum 60 (85.7%) 10 (14.3%)
Downturned corners of the mouth 62 (88.6%) 8 (11.4%)
Lip and palate anomalies 63 (90.0%) 7 (10.0%)
Micrognathia 40 (57.1%) 30 (42.9%)
Thick lower lip 54 (77.1%) 16 (22.9%)
Big mouth 52 (74.3%) 18 (25.7%)
Teeth alterations 36 (51.4%) 34 (48.6%)
Neck anomalies 57 (81.4%) 13 (18.6%)
Single palmar crease 58 (82.9%) 12 (17.1%)
Breath problems 43 (61.4%) 27 (38.6%)
Cardiac anomalies 46 (65.7%) 24 (34.3%)
Difficult to feed 42 (60.0%) 28 (40.0%)
Larynx and epiglottis alterations 47 (67.1%) 23 (32.9%)
Gastrointestinal anomalies 31 (44.3%) 39 (55.7%)
Renal anomalies 61 (87.1%) 9 (12.9%)
Genital anomalies 54 (77.1%) 16 (22.9%)
Anal anomalies 65 (92.9%) 5 (7.1%)
Limb anomalies 62 (88.6%) 8 (11.4%)
Alterations in hands or feet 39 (55.7%) 31 (44.3%)
Spinal anomalies 52 (74.3%) 18 (25.7%)
Scoliosis 45 (64.3%) 25 (35.7%)
Joint dislocation includes hip 55 (78.6%) 15 (21.4%)
Joint laxity 39 (55.7%) 31 (44.3%)
Pes cavus 57 (81.4%) 13 (18.6%)
MRI images 18 (25.7%) 52 (74.3%)
Anomalies in MRI images 32 (61.5%) 20 (38.5%)
Hypotonia 21 (30.0%) 49 (70.0%)
Hypertonia 63 (90.0%) 7 (10.0%)
Seizures 66 (94.3%) 4 (5.7%)
Developmental delay 4 (5.7%) 66 (94.3%)
Mild ID 62 (88.6%) 8 (11.4%)
Moderate ID 56 (80.0%) 14 (20.0%)
Severe ID 39 (55.7%) 31 (44.3%)
Behavior anomalies 50 (71.4%) 20 (28.6%)
Autism (ASD) 61 (87.1%) 9 (12.9%)
Hyperactivity 53 (75.7%) 17 (24.3%)
Aggressive and self-mutilation 43 (61.4%) 27 (38.6%)
Stereotypes and repetitive movements 39 (55.7%) 31 (44.3%)
Frustration intolerance 44 (62.9%) 26 (37.1%)
Uncontrolled laughs 50 (71.4%) 20 (28.6%)
Sleeping problems 32 (45.7%) 38 (54.3%)
Cephalic support 19 (27.1%) 51 (72.9%)
Able to stay seated 22 (31.4%) 48 (68.6%)
Able to stay seated unaided 24 (34.3%) 46 (65.7%)
Able to walk unaided 29 (41.4%) 41 (58.6%)
Able to walk with help 23 (32.9%) 47 (67.1%)
Use diapers 38 (55.7%) 31 (44.3%)
Interact with the environment 20 (28.6%) 50 (71.4%)
Can read/write 56 (83.4%) 12 (17.6%)
Use alternative communicative tools 39 (55.7%) 29 (41.4%)
No words at all 44 (65.7%) 26 (34.3%)
Use less than 10 words 43 (63.3%) 25 (36.7%)
Short understandable sentences 52 (76.5%) 16 (23.5%)
High-pitched or horsed cry 31 (44.3%) 39 (55.7%)
Cry w/o sound 68 (97.2%) 2 (2.8%)
Family member no longer work for care 38 (54.3%) 32 (45.7%)
Surgery 46 (67.1%) 24 (32.9%)
Suspicion of pathology prior to diagnosis 48 (68.6%) 22 (31.4%)
Normal electro encephalogram 54 (77.1%) 16 (22.9%)
Normal metabolic screening 53 (75.7%) 17 (24.3%)
Additional duplication 43 (61.4%) 27 (38.6%)

“1” means “ever” having a given condition compared to 0, “never” having the condition, taken from either of our two questionnaires, and curated from medical records.