TABLE 7.
Comparison between male and female 5p- individuals, regarding categorical and continuous variables taken by means of the chi-square and Student t-test, respectively, in (i) the whole cohort, (ii) simple 5p deletions, and (iii) 5p deletions plus additional rearrangements.
| (i) The whole cohort | |||||
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| Chi-square | |||||
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| Male | Female | Value | df | Sig. asymptotic (bilateral) | |
| IUGR | 3 | 27 | 9.42 | 1 | 0.002** |
| Postnatal growth failure | 7 | 26 | 3.838 | 1 | 0.050* |
| Round face | 6 | 26 | 5.318 | 1 | 0.021* |
| Enlarged face | 12 | 11 | 5.794 | 1 | 0.016* |
| Neck anomalies | 1 | 12 | 4.583 | 1 | 0.032* |
| Alterations of the fingers or toes | 6 | 25 | 4.598 | 1 | 0.032* |
| Spinal anomalies | 2 | 16 | 5.194 | 1 | 0.023* |
| Scoliosis | 4 | 21 | 5.009 | 1 | 0.035* |
| Severe ID | 5 | 26 | 7.058 | 1 | 0.008** |
| Aggressive and self-mutilation | 4 | 23 | 6.486 | 1 | 0.011* |
| Sleeping problems | 8 | 30 | 5.255 | 1 | 0.022* |
| Can read/write | 7 | 5 | 3.911 | 1 | 0.048* |
| Short understandable sentences | 9 | 7 | 4.701 | 1 | 0.030* |
| Mild ID | 5 | 3 | 3.598 | 1 | 0.058$ |
|
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| Student t | |||||
|
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| Male | Female | Sig. | |||
|
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| Weight at birth (g) | 2925.91 | 689.24 | 2447.28 | 621.33 | 0.006** |
| OFC at birth (cm) | 33.17 | 2.27 | 31.74 | 2.37 | 0.021* |
| GFAP | 358.87 | 73.39 | 402.94 | 108.60 | 0.050* |
| Height at birth (cm) | 47.11 | 3.79 | 45.31 | 3.86 | 0.074$ |
|
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| (ii) Simple 5p deletions | |||||
|
| |||||
| Chi-square | |||||
|
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| Male | Female | Value | df | Sig. asymptotic (bilateral) | |
|
| |||||
| IUGR | 2 | 12 | 4.669 | 1 | 0.0031** |
| Faillure to thrive | 3 | 13 | 3.716 | 1 | 0.054 |
| Larynx and epiglottis alterations | 1 | 10 | 5.002 | 1 | 0.025* |
| Severe ID | 3 | 14 | 4.605 | 1 | 0.032* |
| Aggressive and self-mutilation | 3 | 14 | 4.605 | 1 | 0.032* |
| Sleeping problems | 4 | 16 | 4.740 | 1 | 0.029* |
| Spinal anomalies | 1 | 8 | 3.318 | 1 | 0.069$ |
|
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| Student t | |||||
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| Male | Female | Sig. | |||
|
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| GFAP | 336.31 | 61.36 | 396.37 | 123.10 | 0.040* |
| Behavioral item, as component of GFAP | 7.73 | 11.72 | 22.63 | 13.77 | 0.063$ |
|
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| (iii) 5p deletions + additional rearrangements | |||||
|
| |||||
| Chi-square | |||||
|
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| Male | Female | Value | df | Sig. asymptotic (bilateral) | |
|
| |||||
| IUGR | 1 | 12 | 4.34 | 1 | 0.037* |
| Round face | 1 | 12 | 1.73 | 1 | 0.037* |
| Enlarged face | 6 | 4 | 9.60 | 1 | 0.002** |
|
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| (iii) 5p deletions + additional rearrangements | |||||
|
| |||||
| Chi-square | |||||
|
| |||||
| Male | Female | Value | df | Sig. asymptotic (bilateral) | |
|
| |||||
| Ophthalmological anomalies | 1 | 12 | 4.34 | 1 | 0.037* |
| Short understandable sentences | 2 | 0 | 5.59 | 1 | 0.018* |
| Auditive problems | 5 | 6 | 3.68 | 1 | 0.055$ |
|
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| Student t | |||||
|
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| Male | Female | Sig. | |||
|
| |||||
| Weight at birth (g) | 3314.29 | 686.24 | 2469.60 | 586.85 | 0.004** |
| OFC at birth (cm) | 34.79 | 1.55 | 31.44 | 2.11 | 0.001** |
| Size of the deletions | 10.25 | 6.81 | 21.60 | 8.69 | 0.004** |
* means significant p-value ≤ 0.05. ** means significant p-value ≤ 0.01. $ means possible tendency, significant at CI 90% (data not shown).