Table 2:

EMS Interventions for Pediatric Asthma Encounters Stratified by Pulmonary Asthma Score

EMS Interventions, n (%)	Mild, PAS 5–7 (n=172)	Moderate, PAS 8–11 (n=94)	Severe, PAS 12–15 (n=24)	p-value
EMS Contact Time, median, minutes (IQR) *	25 (18–32)	22 (16–29)	21 (18–26)	0.01
EMS documentation of labored breathing	67 (39.0%)	47 (50.0%)	13 (54.2%)	0.25
EMS Medications Administered:
Received Albuterol	125 (72.7%)	69 (73.4%)	18 (75.0%)	0.97
Number of Albuterol Doses				0.054
1	87 (70.2%)	44 (64.7%)	14 (77.8%)
2	32 (25.8%)	22 (32.4%)	1 (5.6%)
≥3	5 (4.0%)	2 (2.9%)	3 (16.7%)
Received Ipratropium	65 (37.8%)	40 (42.6%)	14 (58.3%)	0.15
Number of Ipratropium Doses				>0.99
1	64 (98.5%)	39 (97.5%)	14 (100%)
2	1 (1.5%)	1 (2.5%)	0 (0%)
Received IV Corticosteroid	11 (6.4%)	8 (8.5%)	3 (12.5%)	0.52
EMS Oxygen Administered	94 (54.7%)	50 (53.2%)	13 (54.2%)	0.97
EMS Placed IV catheter	34 (19.8%)	23 (24.5%)	4 (16.75)	0.57
EMS Protocol Non-adherence	47 (27.3%)	25 (26.6%)	20 (83.3%)	<0.001
No bronchodilator administration	47 (27.3%)	25 (26.6%)	6 (25.0%)
No IM Epinephrine in severe distress	n/a	n/a	20 (83.3%)
No oxygen for pulse oximetry <90%	0%	0%	0%

^*Contact time=EMS arrival to hospital arrival, missing data n=17;

EMS=Emergency Medical Services; IQR=Interquartile Range; IV=Intravenous; IM-Intramuscular; PAS=Pulmonary Asthma Score